外教社跨文化交际丛书：跨文化能力：交际与跨文化适应的综合理论

List of Figures and Tables
Preface
Part Ⅰ．The Background
1．Introduction
Common Experiences of Crossing Cultures
Theorizing About Cross-Cultural Adaptation
2．Existing Approaches to Cross-Cultural Adaptation
Macro-Level and Micro-Level Perspectives
Long-Term and Short-Term Adaptation
Adaptation as Problem and Adaptation
as Learning／Growth
Varying Theoretical Accounts and Empirical
Assessments
Divergent Value Premises：Assimilationism And Pluralism
Toward Integration
PartII．The Theory
3．Organiz2ng Principles
The Domain and Boundary Conditions
Assumptions：Strangers as Open Systems
Mechanics of Theorizing
Empirical Grounding
4．The Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation
Cultural Adaptation
Cross-Cultural Adaptation
The Stress-Adaptation-Growth Dynamic：
A Process Model
Three Facets of Intercultural Transformation
Axioms
5．The Structure of Cross-Cultural Adaptation
Personal Communication：Host Communication
Competence
Social Communication
Environment
Predisposition
Linking Dimensions and Factors：A Structural Model
Assumptions，Axioms，and Theorems
PartIII．Elaborati On of the Theory
6．Personal Communication
Host Communication Competence
Cognitive Components
Affective Components
Operational Components
Linking Cognitive，Affective，and Operational
Components
7．Social Communic-ation
Host Social Communication
Ethnic Social Communication
Linking Factors of Host and Ethnic Social
Communication
8．Environment
Host Receptivity
Host Conformity Pressure
Ethnic Group Strength
Linking Factors of Communication and Environment
9．Predisposition
Preparedness for Change
Ethnic Proximity
Adaptive Personalit
Linking Factors of Communication and Predisposition
10．Intercultural Transformation
Functional Fitness
Psychological Health
Intercultural Identity
Emergence of Intercultural Personhood
Part IV．The Theory and the Reality
11．Research Considerations
The Theory：Principal Features
Theory·Research Correspondence
Toward Methodological Integration
12．Practical Insights
Understanding Adaptation Potential
Host Environment as Partner
W’dlingness to BeChanged
Managing Stress
Focusing on Communicative Engagement
Cultivating Adaptive Personality
Forging a Pam of Intercultural Personhood
Notes
Refefences
Index
About the AUthor

　　training and immigration-related assistance．The Vietnamese Associa-tionofIllinois，forexample，assists withmanyofitsmembers’needsby
　　providing transhtion services，housing information，transportation，and counseling(Kimf 1980)．Ethnic retigiOUS organizations and social
　　clubs help strangers develop contacts and friendships with other
　　coethnics and provide advice concerning various questions that newly
　　arrived individuals might have(DeCocq，1976)．
　　Similar supportive functions are also provided by ethnic mass
　　communication systerns．Ethnic media often provide at least some
　　information about the host environment．u This informing function of
　　ethnic media is often carried out through reports on immigration law
　　changes．tax laws，etiqueRet and other kinds of mformation that helps strangers adapt to the Iocal community．Ethnic media have been a vitalpart of communication processes in many ethnic communities．SuchhasbeenthecaseintheUnitedStatessincethefirstnewspaperaimedatan ethnic population，the Philadelphia Zeitung，produced for the bur-geoning German community in that city，began in 1732．According toZubrzycki(1958)，the ethnic(foreign-language)press in the UnitedStates peaked between 1884 and 1920，with 3，444 newspapers and iour-nals catering mostly to Europeans．Many of the early ethnicnewspapers have withered away，but the influx 0f Hispanics and
　　Asians has given rise to dozens of new ones．Today，several hundred
　　ethnic newspapers，in at least 40 languages，are reported to circulatein the United States(Sreenivasan，1996)．In some large cities，such as
　　Chicago，Los Angeles，and New York，ethnic communities also have
　　access to foreign·language radio and television programs for vary-ing numbers of hours or days per week，in addition to their own
　　newspapers，movies on videotape，music casseRes，and magazines
　　available at neighborhood stores(Kelly，1985；Milkr，1987；Subervi．Velez，1986)．
　　Along with community organizations，ethnic media serve as”gate-keepers“(Kurth，1970；Lewin，1951；Shoemaker，1991)or”culture bro-kers”(Snyder，1976)．Through ethnic interpersonal ties and media USes，strangersareprovidedwithindirectlinkstothehostenvironment．Ina
　　study of the Spanish American community in Denver，Kurth(1970)found that newcomers looked to those ethnic friends and acquain-tances with greater access t0 the mainstream Anglo communit、，as”leaders”(P．141)．Similarly，Mortland and Ledgerwood(1988)，in a
　　study of a Southeast Asian refugee community in Boston，identifled
　　a patronage system mostly invisible to American service providers．The refugee patrons were an integral part of the refugee communica．tion network，controlling the flow of information and resources
　　between Americans(including service agencies)and the refugee
　　population．
　　In addition，ethnic media serve an entertainment function in the
　　community，By providing entertainment for community members，ethnic media heIp relieve the pressures that strangers feel in dealing
　　withthehostenvironmentandhelpmeettheirneedsforfunandrelax-ation(Ward&Kennedy，1994)．Ethnic media provide vital “emotional
　　refueling”to newly arrived strangersthelping them to cope with uncer-tainties and the sense of uprootedness(Deusen，1982；King，1984；Krause，1978)．
　　……