描述
开 本: 16开纸 张: 胶版纸包 装: 平装-胶订是否套装: 否国际标准书号ISBN: 9787568243292
内容简介
本书较为系统地阐述了爆炸物理学的基本概念、理论和方法。内容包括爆炸的广义定义和基本特征、波和冲击波理论、炸药的热化学性质，爆轰波经典理论、炸药的感度与安定性，同时还对爆轰波后产物流动规律及其推动作用，爆炸的直接作用等相关问题进行了较为全面的阐述和分析。本书着眼于讲清楚四个基本（基本概念、基本理论、基本公式推导及分析计算以及基本实验研究方法），理论内容深入充实，对工程应用有实际参考意义。
本书可作为国防军工院校相关专业和学科的教材，同时还可作为爆炸技术及应用等各军工专业以及工程爆破技术、石油化工、采矿与建井、水利、电力、交通等民用部门相近专业本科生、研究生和科技人员的参考书。
本书可作为国防军工院校相关专业和学科的教材，同时还可作为爆炸技术及应用等各军工专业以及工程爆破技术、石油化工、采矿与建井、水利、电力、交通等民用部门相近专业本科生、研究生和科技人员的参考书。
目 录
Chapter 1 Introduction 001
§1.1 Explosion Phenomena and Characteristics 001
1.1.1 Explosion Phenomenon 001
1.1.2 Generalized Definition of Explosion 004
§1.2 Fundamentals of Thermodynamics 004
1.2.1 Some Important Concepts and Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 004
1.2.2 First Law of Thermodynamics 006
1.2.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics 014
1.2.4 Helmholtz Free Energy and Gibbs Free Energy 017
§1.3 Properties of Gas and Equations of State 023
1.3.1 Properties of Gases 023
1.3.2 Equations of State 025
Chapter 2 Waves 029
§2.1 Concepts 029
§2.2 Sound Wave 032
§2.3 One-Dimensional Plane Isentropic Flow of Gas 035
Chapter 3 Shock Wave 050
§3.1 Introduction 050
§3.2 Basic Equations of Shock Wave 050
§3.3 Plane Shock Wave in Air 053
§3.4 Characters of Shock Wave 057
§3.5 Isentrope, Rayleigh Line and Hugoniot 060
§3.6 Reflection of Shock Wave 063
Chapter 4 Thermochemistry of Explosive 067
§4.1 Explosion Heat 067
4.1.1 Experimental Measurement of Explosion Heat 067
4.1.2 Calculation of Explosion Heat 070
4.1.3 Ways of Improving the Explosion Heat 072
§4.2 Determination of Explosion Temperature 074
4.2.1 Experimental Measurement of Explosion Temperature 074
4.2.2 Theoretical Calculation of Explosion Temperature 076
4.2.3 Ways to Change Explosion Temperature 080
§4.3 Equation of Explosion Reaction 081
4.3.1 Theoretical Calculation of the Equation of Explosion Reaction 081
4.3.2 Reaction Equation of the First Kind of Explosives 083
4.3.3 Reaction Equation of the Second Kind of Explosives 085
4.3.4 Simplified Rule for Determining the Equations of Explosion Reaction 086
§4.4 Calculation for the Volume of Explosion Gases 087
Chapter 5 Detonation Theory 089
§5.1 The Hydrodynamic Theory of Detonation Wave 090
§5.2 Zeldovich-von Neumann-Doering Theory 093
§5.3 Taylor Wave 096
§5.4 Detonation Shock Dynamics 097
§5.5 Detonation Wave Parameter Measurements 099
5.5.1 Reaction-zone Measurements 099
5.5.2 Detonation Wave Velocity Measurement 101
5.5.3 Experimental Measurement of C-J Pressure 104
§5.6 Detonation Wave Parameters Calculation Methods 108
§5.7 Factors Affecting Detonation Wave Propagation 116
5.7.1 Diameter Effects: 2-D Steady Detonation 116
5.7.2 Detonation Velocity vs. Diameter 118
5.7.3 Factors Affecting the Critical Diameter of Charge 119
Chapter 6 Ignition & Initiation of Explosives 122
§6.1 Thermal Explosion Theory of Explosives 122
6.1.1 The Physical Process of Thermal Explosion 122
6.1.2 Theory Model of Thermal Explosion 123
6.1.3 Thermal Sensitivity of Explosives 126
§6.2 Shock Initiation of Explosives 131
6.2.1 Shock Initiation of Homogeneous Explosives 132
6.2.2 Shock Initiation of Heterogeneous Explosives 136
6.2.3 Hot Spots and Explosive Ignition 137
6.2.4 Ignition Modelling 139
§6.3 Non-shock Initiation of Explosives 143
6.3.1 Initiation of Explosion by Friction 143
6.3.2 Initiation by Friction of Explosion in Liquids 146
6.3.3 Initiation of Explosion in Solids: the Influence of Grit 149
6.3.4 Initiation by Impact of Explosion in Solids 153
§6.4 Sensitivity Evaluation of Explosives 159
6.4.1 Mechanically-Confined Cook-off Tests 159
6.4.2 Drop-weight Test 165
6.4.3 Susan Test 169
6.4.4 Steven Test 170
Chapter 7 Movement of Detonation Products 174
§7.1 Expansion of Detonation Products 174
§7.2 Impulse Acting on the Rigid Wall 178
§7.3 Driving Effects on Piston 183
§7.4 Acceleration of the Cylinder Shell 188
7.4.1 Energy Model 188
7.4.2 Momentum Model for Calculating 194
7.4.3 Gurney Model for Calculating the Fragment Velocity 198
Chapter 8 Initial Shock Wave Parameters Calculation at the Interface of
Compressible Solid 203
§8.1 Introduction 203
§8.2 Interface Between Explosive and Compressible Solid 205
8.2.1 The Case at 205
8.2.2 The Case at 207
§8.3 Interface Between Compressible Solids 212
§8.4 Shock Wave Transmission and Reflection 214
8.4.1 Impedance Matching Technique 215
8.4.2 Transmission 217
8.4.3 Reflection at the Free Surface 219
References 226
§1.1 Explosion Phenomena and Characteristics 001
1.1.1 Explosion Phenomenon 001
1.1.2 Generalized Definition of Explosion 004
§1.2 Fundamentals of Thermodynamics 004
1.2.1 Some Important Concepts and Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 004
1.2.2 First Law of Thermodynamics 006
1.2.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics 014
1.2.4 Helmholtz Free Energy and Gibbs Free Energy 017
§1.3 Properties of Gas and Equations of State 023
1.3.1 Properties of Gases 023
1.3.2 Equations of State 025
Chapter 2 Waves 029
§2.1 Concepts 029
§2.2 Sound Wave 032
§2.3 One-Dimensional Plane Isentropic Flow of Gas 035
Chapter 3 Shock Wave 050
§3.1 Introduction 050
§3.2 Basic Equations of Shock Wave 050
§3.3 Plane Shock Wave in Air 053
§3.4 Characters of Shock Wave 057
§3.5 Isentrope, Rayleigh Line and Hugoniot 060
§3.6 Reflection of Shock Wave 063
Chapter 4 Thermochemistry of Explosive 067
§4.1 Explosion Heat 067
4.1.1 Experimental Measurement of Explosion Heat 067
4.1.2 Calculation of Explosion Heat 070
4.1.3 Ways of Improving the Explosion Heat 072
§4.2 Determination of Explosion Temperature 074
4.2.1 Experimental Measurement of Explosion Temperature 074
4.2.2 Theoretical Calculation of Explosion Temperature 076
4.2.3 Ways to Change Explosion Temperature 080
§4.3 Equation of Explosion Reaction 081
4.3.1 Theoretical Calculation of the Equation of Explosion Reaction 081
4.3.2 Reaction Equation of the First Kind of Explosives 083
4.3.3 Reaction Equation of the Second Kind of Explosives 085
4.3.4 Simplified Rule for Determining the Equations of Explosion Reaction 086
§4.4 Calculation for the Volume of Explosion Gases 087
Chapter 5 Detonation Theory 089
§5.1 The Hydrodynamic Theory of Detonation Wave 090
§5.2 Zeldovich-von Neumann-Doering Theory 093
§5.3 Taylor Wave 096
§5.4 Detonation Shock Dynamics 097
§5.5 Detonation Wave Parameter Measurements 099
5.5.1 Reaction-zone Measurements 099
5.5.2 Detonation Wave Velocity Measurement 101
5.5.3 Experimental Measurement of C-J Pressure 104
§5.6 Detonation Wave Parameters Calculation Methods 108
§5.7 Factors Affecting Detonation Wave Propagation 116
5.7.1 Diameter Effects: 2-D Steady Detonation 116
5.7.2 Detonation Velocity vs. Diameter 118
5.7.3 Factors Affecting the Critical Diameter of Charge 119
Chapter 6 Ignition & Initiation of Explosives 122
§6.1 Thermal Explosion Theory of Explosives 122
6.1.1 The Physical Process of Thermal Explosion 122
6.1.2 Theory Model of Thermal Explosion 123
6.1.3 Thermal Sensitivity of Explosives 126
§6.2 Shock Initiation of Explosives 131
6.2.1 Shock Initiation of Homogeneous Explosives 132
6.2.2 Shock Initiation of Heterogeneous Explosives 136
6.2.3 Hot Spots and Explosive Ignition 137
6.2.4 Ignition Modelling 139
§6.3 Non-shock Initiation of Explosives 143
6.3.1 Initiation of Explosion by Friction 143
6.3.2 Initiation by Friction of Explosion in Liquids 146
6.3.3 Initiation of Explosion in Solids: the Influence of Grit 149
6.3.4 Initiation by Impact of Explosion in Solids 153
§6.4 Sensitivity Evaluation of Explosives 159
6.4.1 Mechanically-Confined Cook-off Tests 159
6.4.2 Drop-weight Test 165
6.4.3 Susan Test 169
6.4.4 Steven Test 170
Chapter 7 Movement of Detonation Products 174
§7.1 Expansion of Detonation Products 174
§7.2 Impulse Acting on the Rigid Wall 178
§7.3 Driving Effects on Piston 183
§7.4 Acceleration of the Cylinder Shell 188
7.4.1 Energy Model 188
7.4.2 Momentum Model for Calculating 194
7.4.3 Gurney Model for Calculating the Fragment Velocity 198
Chapter 8 Initial Shock Wave Parameters Calculation at the Interface of
Compressible Solid 203
§8.1 Introduction 203
§8.2 Interface Between Explosive and Compressible Solid 205
8.2.1 The Case at 205
8.2.2 The Case at 207
§8.3 Interface Between Compressible Solids 212
§8.4 Shock Wave Transmission and Reflection 214
8.4.1 Impedance Matching Technique 215
8.4.2 Transmission 217
8.4.3 Reflection at the Free Surface 219
References 226
前 言
爆炸是自然界经常发生的一种物理的或化学物理的过程。爆炸过程以极高的速度释放出大量的能量，通过爆炸产生的气态产物或被加热汽化的物质对周围介质做功，产生破坏作用，如破坏弹体并形成杀伤破片，爆破矿山抛掷土石，在四周介质（空气、水、固体材料等）当中形成冲击波或应力波等。爆炸主要的特征就是在爆炸中心周围介质中产生压力突跃，这是造成破坏效应的直接原因。爆轰物理是爆炸力学的一个重要分支，也是一门具有广阔应用前景的学科。它涉及爆轰的激发、稳定及不稳定爆轰波的传播、爆炸对介质及目标直接作用等问题的化学与物理内涵、相关理论表述以及爆轰及其作用的实验诊断技术和方法。
本书融汇了多年来的学科进展情况以及教学实践，在本书的编写过程中张宝平教授给予了很多帮助，在此向张宝平教授致敬。本书的侧重点在于炸药的起爆、爆轰以及对目标的直接作用。本书定位为军工类相关专业学生的教学用书，对于全面、系统、深入理解爆炸力学，并促进爆炸力学学科的国际化交流具有重要意义。
本书共由8章组成。第1章主要引出炸药爆炸的基本概念、特征、热力学的基本概念以及气体的状态方程；第2章介绍了波与声波的概念，侧重讨论了气体的平面一维流动；第3章主要阐述了冲击波的特征等理论知识；第4章主要讨论了炸药的热化学性质；第5章侧重阐述了爆轰波的经典理论——爆轰波C-J理论、ZND模型，爆轰波参数的实验测量理论确定、影响爆轰波稳定传播的因素及其机理；第6章则主要讨论了炸药的感度与安定性问题，简要介绍了热爆炸理论及与冲击起爆相关的热点学说，阐述了各种感度的实验测试方法；第7章专门讨论了爆轰波后产物流动的规律及爆轰产物对物体的爆炸驱动；第8章讨论了爆炸对可压缩凝聚介质的直接作用，主要讨论了爆炸冲击波初始参数的计算方法。
这本书得到了北京理工大学“双一流”研究生精品教材项目资助。
由于受作者的知识面以及英语水平的限制，书中难免有错误与不妥之处，敬请读者给予批评指正。
本书融汇了多年来的学科进展情况以及教学实践，在本书的编写过程中张宝平教授给予了很多帮助，在此向张宝平教授致敬。本书的侧重点在于炸药的起爆、爆轰以及对目标的直接作用。本书定位为军工类相关专业学生的教学用书，对于全面、系统、深入理解爆炸力学，并促进爆炸力学学科的国际化交流具有重要意义。
本书共由8章组成。第1章主要引出炸药爆炸的基本概念、特征、热力学的基本概念以及气体的状态方程；第2章介绍了波与声波的概念，侧重讨论了气体的平面一维流动；第3章主要阐述了冲击波的特征等理论知识；第4章主要讨论了炸药的热化学性质；第5章侧重阐述了爆轰波的经典理论——爆轰波C-J理论、ZND模型，爆轰波参数的实验测量理论确定、影响爆轰波稳定传播的因素及其机理；第6章则主要讨论了炸药的感度与安定性问题，简要介绍了热爆炸理论及与冲击起爆相关的热点学说，阐述了各种感度的实验测试方法；第7章专门讨论了爆轰波后产物流动的规律及爆轰产物对物体的爆炸驱动；第8章讨论了爆炸对可压缩凝聚介质的直接作用，主要讨论了爆炸冲击波初始参数的计算方法。
这本书得到了北京理工大学“双一流”研究生精品教材项目资助。
由于受作者的知识面以及英语水平的限制，书中难免有错误与不妥之处，敬请读者给予批评指正。
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