描述
开 本: 8开纸 张: 铜版纸包 装: 精装是否套装: 否国际标准书号ISBN: 9787549575527
你想了解世界名马原住舞人（Native Dancer）和探索者（Discovery）的故居吗？你想知道什么样的环境使这些名马得以健康成长吗？你想知道什么样的环境能够保护马的自然天性吗？《现代马厩设计》带你寻找这些问题的答案，告诉你设计师是如何通过结合建筑学与自然科学建成健康而安全的马厩的。
现代建筑学与科学相融合的作品——名马的健康马厩！
本书改变了传统畜棚设计，介绍了马厩设计的多个方面，包括气动通风、重要的自然光、被动式太阳能供暖和制冷系统等。同时，也介绍了马厩的精美工艺和多种功能。作者约翰 布莱克本通过科学设计提高马的健康和安全。书中通过精美图片，详尽的文字展示现代马厩中必要特点——健康和安全；详细说明了多种设计的起源，包括每个马场主的需要和需求，如何解决环境，市政以及景观因素的挑战，马厩所需的动力和外观。
同类书首次面世，利用科学的思想和设计提高马的健康和安全；书中展示的马厩设计卫生而安全，图片精美；
书中详细说明了每种设计的起源，包括每个马场主的需要和需求，如何解决环境，市政以及景观因素的挑战，终设计的动力和外观。
7 序言 凯文·普兰克
8 前言
10 引言 约翰·布莱克本，美国建筑师协会
16 赫伦伍德牧场
30 酋长牧场
40 奥克黑文牧场
50 凯琴·普莱斯牧场
60 迪瓦恩大牧场
72 吉利·杰克牧场
86 里弗牧场
98 比奇伍德马厩
112 毕加索牧场
126 安好牧场
136 私人大牧场，蒙大拿
152 大道牧场
160 格伦伍德牧场
168 私人马厩，加利福尼亚
180 后记
181 致谢
182 项目团队
Heronwood Farm
赫伦伍德牧场
Heronwood Farm is where it all began. Located in
Upperville, Virginia, part of the bucolic Middleburg region, the farm’s 400-plus acres were previously owned by entrepreneur and Redskins
owner Jack Kent Cooke, and my former partner, Robbie Smith, and I were retained
in 1983 by its subsequent owner to create eight initial buildings. These
included two major barns: broodmare and yearling; three small isolation barns;
a service building with bunk house; a large storage building forhay and
bedding; and a manager’s house.
Taking our cue and those first tenuous steps into the
world of specialized barn design from Morgan Wheelock, the Cambridge, Massachusetts-based
landscape architect who’d been commissioned to design the site,
we incorporated his theories of natural light and ventilation into the
20-stall, 9,400-square-foot broodmare barn and 16-stall, 7,900-square-foot
yearling barn. Wheelock’s practices, which had improved
the health and safety of horses in the U.S., Canada, and France, helped
broodmares to cycle naturally and carry their foals to full term without the
fire danger and added cost of continuous, overburdened artificial lighting, sometimes
used as a stimulant. His passive barn systems also helped ensure that equines avoided
acquiring and transmitting respiratory ailments to the entire barn, as they are
known to do. Typically this is attributed to a direct result of conventional
barn ventilation, which is horizontal and achieved by opening the front and
back doors to catch the breeze. In this manner, each horse catches whatever may
be airborne from the previous horse. Random, ubiquitous, and ill-placed fans,
which are a common feature of many barns, only serve to exacerbate the process
by circulating bacteria, pathogens, allergens, and disease. To alter these standards,
Wheelock advocated siting barns perpendicular to the prevailing summer breeze,
something that precluded sick barns.
At Heronwood we utilized low vents and vented skylights—in fact, this project marked our first use of a vented skylight in a
barn—as well as heated (by the sun) roofs and eaves to
encourage upward ventilation. These principles were largely based on
18th-century Dutch-Swiss mathematician Daniel Bernoulli’s equation of
vertical lift—created by the speed of airflow over an
airplane wing. The result we were looking for in our design was also facilitated
by the rise of hot air known as the chimney
effect, where air is pulled in low and vented out high. By
constitution horses give off a lot of body heat and humidity. Along with the heat
of the sun on the roof and skylight, this creates a heat differential between
the barn floor and roof ridge. As heat rises, the Bernoulli effect helps move
it along as the prevailing breeze blows across the roof.
Arriving at Heronwood in those early days, we were struck
by the prevalence of stone walls or fences that stretched as far as the eye
could see—accidental monuments, in a manner of
speaking, to the enterprising farmers and their descendants who had cultivated
and maintained the land and livestock for generations. In colonial days, occupants
would take the rocks from their fields and pile them up to create fence lines. Because
the existing fence lines would not work with the new paddock arrangement, however,
Wheelock dismantled the fences and we paid homage to the past by preserving the
stones for use in the new buildings.
Desiring to emulate the characteristic Federalstyle architecture
that defined the Middleburg countryside, we used that form as gabled end structures,
dormers, and other features in our buildings. The big question at the time was how
to take the shape and proportion that came from a residential design element
and apply it to horse shelters, which may be 200 to 250 feet long, 35 to 40
feet high, and 35- plus feet wide. In other words, how do we take the
Federal-style scale and context, apply it to a barn, and actually have it work
both aesthetically and in a practical sense?
We achieved this, in part, by using the dismantled stone
fences, along with locally sourced stone (from Virginia and West Virginia) to
create a shape at the end of the broodmare barn that imitated the Federal form,
shape, and proportion. This element became a recess to contain the barn’s pocket doors, emerging as a dominant form in the building that became
highly functional as well. In addition the same shape was repeated in the
dormer windows and other gabled roof forms.
Design-wise, we learned that psychology is integral to
the layout of a broodmare barn. It needs to be approached from the center through
a meeting place or reception room in which the prospective customer can relax and
learn about a horse’s stock or bloodlines. In a 20- to
24-stall barn, that reception room is typically located near the center of the barn’s long axis to balance the stalls on each end for more efficient
service by the grooms.
At Heronwood, well-appointed furnishings provided for the
ease and comfort of visitors, as there’s no denying that
value in the interior translates to value in the quality of the product being
sold. Conversely, with the yearling barn, the animal himself is being sold as
opposed to strictly the bloodlines, so there is less emphasis on a luxe
interior as the horse tends to be observed outdoors. Here, Wheelock designed a well-landscaped
and pristine show ring centered on the cross aisle of the yearling barn.
Clearly the most imposing and intriguing aspect of the
broodmare barn’s interior, and perhaps its exterior,
is the ridge skylight that runs nearly the entire length of the roof and barn.
In our quest to saturate the building with natural light—something elemental to efficient cycling of the broodmare—we decided a series of skylights might do the job, but what is
essentially a glass ceiling or continuous skylight would achieve the objective
seamlessly. In a broodmare barn, and in thoroughbred breeding, ideal conditions—those that don’t just simulate but actually
invite natural conditions indoors—facilitate the horse cycling
and foal dropping as early in the season after January 1st as possible. Because
a horse is classified as a yearling on the following January 1st, regardless of
when he was born in the previous year, one that has been on the ground and
living/training longer when designated as such tends to be a stronger horse. In
this regard, a barn created to court nature provides optimal opportunities for
efficient and expedient fertility earlier in the year.
Additionally, without skylights and their benefits,
handlers are known to enter dark barns, turning on lights at 4 a.m., to
simulate a sunrise. Lights may go unrecognized and remain on all day, building
up heat, igniting nests and cobwebs, inflating operating costs, and surely
increasing the risk of a major barn fire.
As thoroughbreds are delicate animals with sensitive
respiratory systems, keeping them extremely healthy and less susceptible to infection
was paramount to the barn’s ventilation. Accordingly, it was
sited perpendicular to the prevailing summer breeze so as not to encourage
airborne bacteria pathogens, and allergens to travel through. Next, employing
the aforementioned chimney effect and fluid dynamics principles of Daniel
Bernoulli, vertical lift, or an upward airflow, was attained by placing vents
along the floor and util
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