实用计算机英语简明教程

根据本人教学经验，在《计算机专业英语》课程中，学生不喜欢重复学习计算机导论或计算机文化，同时对长篇的英文阅读也感到枯燥。因此本书在写作方法上有所创新，根据权威的国外官方网站（如维基百科英文版，国外计算机教程网站等），在*篇中，以简明的计算机术语英文解释方式来学习计算机专业词汇及基本概念，同时引入技术热点，如电子商务，人工智能，智能手机，大数据，云计算、高性能计算等概念。内容有新颖性，时效性强，能激发学生的学习兴趣，既不重复计算机导论知识，也避免了枯燥的长篇英文阅读。在第二篇中精选Apple,Micrsoft,Adobe，维基百科英文版等著名公司的官网，引入计算机新产品，新技术，新软件和国外计算机教程，使学生通过阅读了解计算机新技术，在实际应用中掌握专业词汇和科技英语表达方式。而目前国内计算机英语教材鲜有计算机新产品的英文技术文档介绍，有较强的创新点。附录提供的学习配套资源齐全，方便学习。本教材的编写思路具有创新性，相信具有良好的教学价值和推广前景。 

本书按照计算机体系结构组织内容，涉及计算机系统、技术和应用等方面，目的是提高读者计算机英语的实际应用能力。
　　本书选材与时俱进，内容新颖独特，简明扼要，难度适中，取材广泛。新技术与新产品的介绍与工作、生活息息相关，实用性强。图文混排，易用性强，内容与习题多样化，便于教师与学生开展互动式教学，培养专业英语应用能力。
　　本书适合作为全国各高校信息类（包括计算机科学与技术、软件工程、计算机网络、信息管理等）的专业英语本科教材，也可作为计算机工程人员的参考用书。

Section I  Text

Unit 1 
Hardware. 3

Part I  Computer terms 3

New Words 5

Phrases 8

Abbreviation. 8

Exercises 8

Part II 
Reading materials 12

Set up your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. 12 

术语参考译文… 14

Unit 2 
Software. 17

Part I  Computer terms 17

New Words 19

Phrases 20

Abbreviation. 20

Exercises 20

Part II 
Reading materials 23

Apple Computer 23 

术语参考译文… 24

Unit 3 
Operating Systems 26

Part I  Computer terms 26

New Words 28

Phrases 28

Abbreviation. 29

Exercises 29

Part II 
Reading materials 31

Smartphone. 31 

术语参考译文… 32

Unit 4 
Data. 34

Part I  Computer terms 34

New Words 36

Phrases 36

Abbreviation. 37

Exercises 37

Part II 
Reading materials 40

Data structure. 40 

术语参考译文… 41

Unit 5 
Programming. 43

Part I  Computer terms 43

New Words 45

Phrases 46

Abbreviation. 46

Exercises 47

Part II 
Reading materials 49

The Basics: Object Oriented Programming
Concepts 49

术语参考译文… 50

Unit 6 
Computer Science. 52

Part I  Computer terms 52

New Words 54

Phrases 56

Abbreviation. 56

Exercises 57

Part II 
Reading materials 59

Artificial Intelligence. 59

术语参考译文… 61

Unit 7 
Multimedia. 64

Part I  Computer terms 64

New Words 66

Phrases 67

Abbreviation. 68

Exercises 68

Part II 
Reading materials 71

Big data. 71

术语参考译文… 72

Unit 8 
Networks 74

Part I  Computer terms 74

New Words 76

Phrases 77

Abbreviation. 77

Exercises 78

Part II 
Reading materials 80

Network security. 80

术语参考译文… 81

Unit 9 
Internet and Online Services 84

Part I  Computer terms 84

New Words 86

Phrases 86

Abbreviation. 87

Exercises 87

Part II 
Reading materials 90

Internet 90

eCommerce Resources 91

术语参考译文… 92

Unit 10 
World Wide Web. 94

Part I  Computer terms 94

New Words 96

Phrases 97

Abbreviation. 97

Exercises 97

Part II  Reading materials 100

Understand Web applications 100

术语参考译文… 107

Section II  Computer Courses

Unit 1 
Adobe Dreamweaver CC.. 111

Unit 2  C Programming. 119

Unit 3 
Features Available only on Windows 10. 139

Unit 4 
Excel Training. 144

Unit 5 
Word Training. 153

Unit 6 
PowerPoint Training. 157

Unit 7 
Access Training. 161

附    录

附录一  习题参考答案… 171

Unit 1 
Hardware. 171

Unit 2 
Software. 171

Unit 3 
Operating Systems 173

Unit 4 
Data. 173

Unit 5 
Programming. 174

Unit 6 
Computer Science. 175

Unit 7 
Multimedia. 175

Unit 8 
Networks 176

Unit 9 
Internet and Online Services 176

Unit 10 
World Wide Web. 177

附录二  专业英语样卷… 178

试卷一… 178

试卷一参考答案… 180

试卷二… 180

试卷二参考答案… 182

试卷三… 183

试卷三参考答案… 187

试卷四… 187

试卷四参考答案… 191

附录三  软件水平考试程序员级专业英语试题节选… 192

附录四  英语构词法和基本句型… 198

附录五  学术英语写作常用句子… 210

附录六  词汇表… 212

单词表… 212

短语表… 221

缩写表… 225

计算机专业与英语密切相关，计算机业界人员必须掌握技术，英语水平成为决定工作能力的因素之一。

计算机英语其内容具有很强的专业性，与公共英语相比更注重阅读理解能力，只有看懂计算机软硬件安装使用说明手册、计算机屏幕英语提示信息、编程与程序调试过程中的反馈信息才能解决实际问题。只有看懂计算机新技术、新产品的帮助、培训教程，国外原版计算机教材，以及英文文档和技术资料等，才能及时掌握并研究计算机新技术，提高专业水平。

本教材内容分三个部分。部分基础篇，以单元（Unit）为单位，共10个单元，包括计算机硬件、软件、操作系统、数据、程序设计、计算机科学、多媒体、网络、因特网及在线服务、万维网。每个单元分为术语、单词、短语、缩略词、练习、泛读课文、术语参考译文。习题形式多样，有选择题、匹配题、填空题、翻译题和口语题等。第二部分应用提高篇，内容取材广泛，均选自Apple、Adobe、Microsoft等著名计算机公司及国外计算机技术官方网站。按单元介绍国外计算机学习教程，以及计算机新技术、新软件、新产品、新设备等，如Dreamweaver CC、C语言教程、iPhone手机、Apple计算机、Windows 10新特性、Office 2016新功能等。第三部分附录，提供习题参考答案、专业英语样卷、软件水平考试程序员级专业英语部分试题、构词法和基本句型、学术英语写作常用句子、教材词汇表等。

本书选材与时俱进，内容新颖独特，实用性强，叙述简明扼要，难度适中；内容与习题多样化，教学操作性强，易用性强，适合于高校计算机专业英语本科教学使用。本书可以满足不同院校计算机专业英语本科教学需求，也可作为计算机工程人员的参考用书。

由于作者水平有限，敬请读者批评指正。

 

 

编   者 ?

2017年3月

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Operating SystemsPart I  Computer terms * Operating Systems　　The operating?system (OS) is the most important program that runs on a computer. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs and applications. Computer operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as printers. Computers and mobile devices must have an operating system to run programs. (ref. Fig.1-3-1)
Fig.1-3-1  Operating system　　For large systems, the operating system has even greater responsibilities and powers. It is like a traffic cop—it makes sure that different programs and?users?running at the same time do not interfere with each other. The operating system is also responsible for?security, ensuring that unauthorized users do not?access?the system.* Multitasking　　The ability to execute more than one?task?at the same time, a task being a program. The terms multitasking and multiprocessing are often used interchangeably, although multiprocessing mplies that more than one?CPU is involved.　　In multitasking, only one CPU is involved, but it switches from one program to another so quickly that it gives the appearance of executing all of the programs at the same time.* Multiprocessing　　Supports running a program on more than one?CPU.* Multi-user　　Refers to computer systems that support two or more simultaneous users. All?mainframes and minicomputers are multi-user systems, but most personal computers and workstations are not.* Multithreading　　The ability of an?operating system?to?execute?different parts of a program, called threads, simultaneously. The?programmer?must carefully design the program in such a way that all the threads can run?at the same time without interfering with each other.* Real time　　?Responds to input instantly. General-purpose operating systems, such as?DOS?and?UNIX, are not real-time.* Linux Operating Systems　　Linux?is a freely distributed open source operating system that runs on a number of hardware platforms. The Linux kernel was developed mainly by Linus Torvalds and it is based on UNIX.* Windows Operating Systems　　Microsoft Windows?is a family of operating systems for personal and business computers. Windows dominates the personal computer world, offering a graphical user interface (GUI), virtual memory management, multitasking, and support for many peripheral devices.* Mac Operating Systems　　Mac OS is the official name of the?Apple Macintosh operating system. Mac OS features a graphical user interface (GUI) that utilizes windows, icons, and all applications that run on a Macintosh computer have a similar user interface.* Control panel　　A?Macintosh?utility?that permits you to set many of the?system?parameters. For example, you can control the type of beeps the?Mac?makes and the sensitivity of the?mouse.* Mobile operating system　　A mobile?operating system, also called a mobile OS, is an operating system that is specifically designed to run on mobile devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, PDAs, tablet computers and other handheld devices. The mobile operating system is the software platform on top of which other programs, called application?programs, can run on mobile devices.* Smartphone　　Smartphones are a handheld?device?that integrates mobile phone capabilities with the more common features of a handheld computer or?PDA. Smartphones allow users to store information,?e-mail, install programs, along with using a mobile phone in one device. For example a smartphone could be a mobile phone with some PDA functions integrated into the device, or vise versa.* NOS—network operating system　　Abbreviated as NOS, a network operating system includes special functions for connecting computers and devices into a local-area network (LAN). Some operating systems, such as UNIX and the Mac OS, have networking functions built in.New Words