描述
开 本: 32开纸 张: 胶版纸包 装: 平装-胶订是否套装: 否国际标准书号ISBN: 9787302427230
课文后设有配合课文理解的练习题和引导学生自主学习的Learning Strategy，B课文后配有练习题及
Writing Tips。本程教程的课文内容选材体现了多样化的原则，从人文到科技都有涉猎，内容贴近现
实，具有启示作用。
Contents
Unit 1 Development of
Technology………….1
Text A Cars of the
Future……………………………………….2
Learning Strategy Preview: Learn About a
Text Before Really Reading It………………………………..11
Text B The Third Industrial
Revolution……………………12
Writing Tips Tips on Research Paper Writing
(1) Selecting a Topic………………………………18
Unit 2 Education………………………………….21
Text A Why Doing a PhD Is Often a Waste of
Time?…………………………………………….22
Learning Strategy Compare and Contrast
Related Readings: Explore Likenesses and
Differences Between Texts to Understand Them
Better……………………………..32
Text B A New App Helps
Parenting………………………..33
Writing Tips Tips on Research Paper Writing
(2) Doing Exploratory Research……………….41
Unit 3 Internet……………………………………43
Text A The Internet Gets
Physical………………………….44
Learning Strategy Synthesize Ideas to Draw
Conclusions………….57
Text B Europe Weighs Tough Law on Online
Privacy……………………………………………58
Writing Tips Tips on Research Paper Writing
(3) Evaluating Sources……………………………66
Unit 4 Environmental
Concerns……………..69
Text A Life Without Nukes
……………………………………70
Learning Strategy Outline and Summarize:
Identify the Main Ideas and Restate Them in
Your
Own Words……………………………………….82
Text B Breathing Is
Believing…………………………………83
Writing Tips Tips on Research Paper Writing
(4) Note-taking……………………………………..90
Unit 5
Discovery………………………………….93
Text A The Myth of the Innovator
Hero………………….94
Learning Strategy Set Up Your Reading
Rate…………………………107
Text B What Really Makes Us
Fat…………………………107
Writing Tips Tips on Research Paper Writing
(5) Composing the Research Paper………..114
Unit 6 Nature and Human
Society………..117
Text A El Ni.o ……….118
Learning Strategy Four Types of Reading
Skills: Skimming, Scanning, Extensive Reading,
Intensive
Reading…………………………………….130
Text B Temperaments and Communication
Styles…………………………………………….131
Writing Tips Tips on Research Paper Writing
(6) Footnotes and Endnotes………………….138
Unit 7 Life
Science……………………………..141
Text A Genes on the
March………………………………..142
Learning Strategy Ask Questions Before You
Read…………………153
Text B Hard Math: Adding Up Just How Little
We Actually Move…………………………154
Writing Tips Tips on Summary
Writing………………………….160
Unit 8 Ecology…………………………………..163
Text A Groundwater Depletion Accelerates
Sea-Level Rise…………………………………164
Learning Strategy Distinguish Main Ideas
from Supporting Ones………………………………………..173
Text B International Agency Calls for
Action on Natural Gas Safety……………………..174
Writing Tips Tips on Writing an
Abstract……………………….182
Answer
Key……………………………………………187
作为“全日制工程硕士研究生英语系列教程”的重要组成部分，《全日制工程硕士研究生英语读写教程》是一门集读与写于一身的教程。读是信息的输入，而写是信息的输出，没有读，就写不出来，没有写的练习，就不能巩固读的成果，因此，本教材的编写原则就是以读带写，以写促读。
该教程共8个单元, 每个单元分A和B两个部分：A课文后设有配合课文理解的练习题和引导学生自主学习的Learning Strategy；B 课文后配有Writing Tips及练习题。但需注意：每个单元里的Writing Tips不是结合课文内容安排在各个单元里的，而是根据由易到难、由浅入深的写作训练先后顺序安排在这8个单元里的，任课教师可以根据教学需要调整先后顺序。
本教程的课文内容选材体现了多样化的原则，从人文到科技都有涉猎，内容贴近现实，具有启示作用。这些课文能够使任课教师比较容易地运用启发式教学引导学生针对课文的话题进行小组或班级范围的讨论，并可以安排学生们根据讨论内容组织有特色的Presentation, 通过Presentation锻炼学生的创新思维能力和英语表达能力，以此达到“说、写”并进的目的。
各校的任课教师可以根据各自学校的不同需求决定每个单元所需的教学时数，也可根据各校学时的多少决定增加其他相关教学内容或有选择地减少本书的学习单元。
《全日制工程硕士研究生英语读写教程》由北京理工大学、西安交通大学、华中科技大学的教师合作编写。在编写过程中编写组得到了有关院校和单位以及多位人士的大力支持和协助，在此一并致谢。
不足或错讹之处敬请读者批评指正。
编 者
2016年6月于北京
Unit
Internet
工程硕士研究生英语读写教程
全日制
44
TextA
earning Objectives L
In this passage you will. learn about the Internet of Things, how it works, and how it will benefit humans in the future.. learn to synthesize ideas to draw conclusions.. learn to evaluate sources.
etting Ready to ReadG
The Internet is increasingly becoming part of people’s lives. Discuss the questions below with your classmates before you read.
1. Can people now live without the Internet? Give your reasons.
2. Could you name some important figures in the development of the computer and information technology? Why do you think they are important?
3. Do you think that the Internet has negative effects on people’s life? If yes, what are they?
4. What’s your imagination about your future life with the Internet? Share it with your classmates.
3
Unit
45
eadR
The Internet Gets Physical
by Steve Lohr
The Internet likes you, really likes you. It offers you so much, just a mouse click or finger tap away. Go Christmas shopping, find restaurants, locate partying friends, and tell the world what you’re up to. Some of the finest minds in computer science, working at start-ups and big companies, are obsessed with tracking your online habits to offer targeted ads and coupons, just for you.
But now—nothing personal, mind you—the Internet is growing up and lifting its gaze to the wider world. To be sure, the economy of Internet self-gratification is thriving. Web start-ups for the consumer market still sprout at a torrid pace. And young corporate stars seeking to cash in for billions by selling shares to the public are consumer services—the online game company Zynga last week, and the social network giant Facebook, whose stock offering is scheduled for next year.
As this is happening, though, the protean Internet technologies of computing and communications are rapidly spreading beyond the lucrative consumer bailiwick. Low-cost sensors, clever software and advancing computer firepower are opening the door to new uses in energy conservation, transportation, health care, and food distribution. The consumer Internet can be seen as the warm-up act for these technologies.
The concept has been around for years, sometimes called the Internet of Things or the Industrial Internet. Yet it takes time for the economics and engineering to catch up with the predictions.
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And that moment is upon us.
“We’re going to put the digital ‘smarts’ into everything,” said Edward D. Lazowska, a computer scientist at the University of Washington. These abundant smart devices, Dr. Lazowska added, will “interact intelligently with people and with the physical world.”
The role of sensors—once costly and clunky, now inexpensive and tiny—was described this month in an essay in The New York Times by Larry Smarr, founding director of the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology; he said the ultimate goal was “the sensor-aware planetary computer.”
That may sound like blue-sky futurism, but evidence shows that the vision is beginning to be realized on the ground, in recent investments, products and services, coming from large industrial and technology corporations and some ambitious start-ups.
One of the hot new ventures in Silicon Valley is Nest Labs, founded by Tony Fadell, a former Apple executive, which has hired more than 100 engineers from Apple, Google, Microsoft and other high-tech companies.
Its product, introduced in late October, is a digital thermostat, combining sensors, machine learning, and Web technology. It senses not just air temperature, but the movements of people in a house, their comings and goings, and adjusts room temperatures accordingly to save energy.
At the Nest offices in Palo Alto, Calif., there is a lot of talk of helping the planet, as well as the thrill of creating cool technology. Yoky Matsuoka, a former Google computer scientist and winner of a MacArthur “genius” grant, said, “This is the next wave for me.”
Matt Rogers, 28, a Nest co-founder, led a team of engineers at Apple that wrote software for iPods. He loved his job and working
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for Apple, he said. But he added, “In essence, we were building toys. I wanted to build a product that could really make a huge impact on a big problem.”
Across many industries, products and practices are being transformed by communicating sensors and computing intelligence. The smart industrial gear includes jet engines, bridges and oil rigs that alert their human minders when they need repairs, before equipment failures occur. Computers track sensor data on operating performance of a jet engine, or slight structural changes in an oil rig, looking for telltale patterns that signal coming trouble.
Sensors on fruit and vegetable cartons can track location and sniff the produce, warning in advance of spoilage, so shipments can be rerouted or rescheduled. Computers pull GPS data from railway locomotives, taking into account the weight and length of trains, the terrain and turns, to reduce unnecessary braking and curb fuel consumption by up to 10 percent.
Researchers at General Electric, the nation’s largest industrial company, are working on such applications and others. One is a smart hospital room, equipped with three small cameras, mounted inconspicuously on the ceiling. With software for analysis, the room can monitor movements by doctors and nurses in and out of the room, alerting them if they have forgotten to wash their hands before and after touching patients — lapses that contribute significantly to hospital-acquired infections. Computer vision software can analyze facial expressions for signs of severe pain, the onset of delirium or other hints of distress, and send an electronic alert to a nearby nurse.
Last month, G.E. announced that it was opening a new global software center in Northern California and would hire 400 engineers there to write code to accelerate the commercial
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development of intelligent machines. “Our role is to build the software that enables us to do this industrial Internet,” said William Ruh, who will head the new center.
In 2008, I.B.M. declared that it was going to make a big push into the industrial Internet, using computing intelligence to create more efficient systems for utility grids, traffic management, food distribution, water conservation, and health care. Smarter Planet was the label the company tacked on to the initiative, and industry analysts wondered if it was more than a sales campaign.
In a recent interview, Samuel J. Palmisano, chief executive of I.B.M., emphasized that the program’s origins were in the company’s research labs rather than its marketing department. “The timing was right because we had the technology,” he said.
Today, I.B.M. says it is working on more than 2,000 projects worldwide that fit in the Smarter Planet category.
In Dubuque, Iowa, for example, I.B.M. has embarked on a long-term program with the local government to use sensors, software and Internet computing to improve the city’s use of water, electricity, and transportation. In a pilot project this year, digital water meters were installed in 151 homes, and software monitored water use and patterns, informing residents about ways to consume less and alerting them to likely leaks. The savings in the pilot, nearly 7 percent, would translate into curbing water use by 65 million gallons a year in Dubuque, a Midwestern city of 60,000.
In Rio de Janeiro, I.B.M. is employing ground and airborne sensors, along with artificial intelligence software, for neighborhood-level disaster preparedness. The system, which is being developed by I.B.M. researchers, aims to predict heavy rains and mudslides up to 48 hours in advance and conduct evacuations
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before they occur — and avoid tragedies like the one last year, when a mudslide left more than 70 people dead and thousands homeless.
The next wave of computing does not step away from the consumer Internet so much as build on it for different uses (posing some of the same sorts of privacy and civil liberties concerns). Software techniques like pattern recognition and machine learning used in Internet searches, online advertising and smartphone apps are also ingredients in making smart devices to manage energy consumption, health care, and traffic.
Take Google’s robot car program, for example. The automated cars, each with a human along for the ride, have deftly navigated thousands of miles on California highways and city streets. The project—a research effort so far—uses a bundle of artificial intelligence technologies, as does Google’s search-and-ad business.
GLOBAL PULSE is a new initiative by the United Nations to leverage data from the consumer Internet for global development. So-called sentiment analysis of messages in social networks and phone text messages—using natural-language deciphering software—can help predict job losses or lower spending in a region, or disease outbreaks.
In parts of Africa and Asia, where cellphones serve as automated bank tellers, with text messages initiating money transfers, they can also serve as an early warning system. When savings transfers drop to 50 cents or zero from $10 a month, “something is happening that is evident in the digital smoke signals,” said Robert Kirkpatrick, the director of Global Pulse. School feeding programs or government assistance might be stepped up to prevent a region from slipping back into poverty.
Global Pulse, begun in late 2009, is conducting research and
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trying to forge partnerships with private companies. To really succeed, the program needs the cooperation of Internet companies and cellphone carriers to give it access to social network and text-message communications, which would be stripped of any personally identifying information.
Mr. Kirkpatrick terms such contributions “data philanthropy”. His argument is that cooperating helps companies by nurturing economic health in the markets where they do business.
Global Pulse, Mr. Kirkpatrick said, is exploring new frontiers in knowledge with its real-time tracking of what is happening to people, not to sell them something but to target development efforts. “This is computational behavioral economics,” he said. “We’re part of a whole new science here.”
(1,486 words)
be up to 从事，忙于
start-up 新兴公司，新开张的企业
be obsessed with 痴迷于……
track [trBk] v. 追踪
ads. abbr. 广告
coupon [‘ku:p..n] n. 优惠券
nothing personal 与个人无关
mind you [用作插入语]请听清楚，请注意
gaze [geHz] n. 凝视，注视
self-gratification [‘self grBtHfH’keHSRn] n. 自我满足
thriving [‘FraHvHN] adj. 繁荣的；蒸蒸日上的
sprout [spraut] v. 发芽；长芽
26
27
Glossary
torrid [‘t..rid, ‘tC:-] adj. 热情的
cash in [美国英语]把……兑换成现金，兑现
stock offering 股票发行
protean [‘prRGtHRn; prRG’ti#Rn] adj. 千变万化的
lucrative [‘lu#krRtHv] adj. 有利可图的
bailiwick [XbeHlHZwHk] n. 职权范围；领域
firepower [‘faHRpaGR] n. 火力
be upon 逼近；临近
clunky [‘klVNkH] adj. 沉重的
planetary [‘plBnHt(R)rH] adj. 地球(上)的；世界范围的
blue-sky [‘blu:’skaH] adj. 不切实际的
futurism [‘fju#tSRrHz(R)m] n. 未来主义
new ventures 新企业
thermostat [‘F!#mRstBt] n. 恒温器
thrill [Fril] n. (一阵)激动
jet engine [航]喷射发动机
oil rig 石油钻塔
minder [‘maHndR] n. 照料人员，看管机器的人
telltale [‘telteil] adj. 报警的 n. 指示器
carton [‘kA#t(R)n] n. 纸板箱
sniff [snif] v. 嗅；闻
locomotive [ZlRGkR’mRGtHv] n. 机车；火车头
terrain [tRXreHn] n. [地理]地形，地势
braking [‘breikiN] n. 刹车
curb [k!#b] v. 抑制
inconspicuously [ZinkRns’pikjuRslH] adv. 不显著地，不引人注目的
lapse [lBps] n. 错失，疏忽
onset [‘..nset, ‘C:n-] n. 开始；发作
delirium [dH’lHrHRm] n. 精神错乱；（因发烧引起的）说胡话
utility [ju#XtHlRtH] adj. 实用的；有多种用途的
grid [grHd] n. 输电网；煤气输送网
tack on 附加，增添
initiative [H’nHSHRtHv; -SR-] n. 首创精神；积极性
pilot project 试点项目
water meter 水表，水量计
airborne [‘eRbC#n] adj. 风媒的，空运的，空中传播的
evacuation [HZvBkjG’eHS(R)n] n. 疏散；撤离
civil liberties 公民自由；公民权力
deftly [‘deftlH] adv. 灵巧地；敏捷地
a bundle of 一群；一捆；一大堆
leverage [‘li#v(R)rHdJ; ‘lev(R)rHdJ] v. 起杠杆作用；利用
sentiment analysis 情感分析
decipher [dH’saHfR] v. 破译
smoke signal 烟雾信号；征兆
school feeding 学校供餐
be stepped up 升级；加紧
forge [fC#dJ] v. 锻造；建立同盟
strip of (从某人或某处)夺走
philanthropy [fH’lBnFrRpH] n. 博爱；慈善行为；善事
Zynga 一个社交游戏公司，成立于2007年6月。Zynga开发的游戏多半是网页游戏，并发布于Facebook和MySpace一类的社交网站。公司的总部在美国旧金山。
Facebook 一个创办于美国的社交网络服务网站，于2004年2
Notes
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