描述
开 本: 16开纸 张: 胶版纸包 装: 平装是否套装: 否国际标准书号ISBN: 9787512415409
编辑推荐
《水*受关注的66个水问题》作者吴季松自1984年做联合国项目《多学科综合研究应用于发展》准备工作起开始研究“水资源”，至今考察了我国34个省市和世界上101个国家的水，几乎覆盖了所有典型的河流、湖泊、湿地、水库和运河，基于这些工作撰写了《水*受关注的66个水问题》这本我国**部水的百科全书。
目 录
水的基本知识问答
上篇：如何让公众真正懂水
世界与中国的水态势如何
我们这个星球缺水吗?
什么是缺水的标准?
——缺水不是“没水喝”
我们这个世界缺水吗?
——缺可利用的淡水
为什么我国水安全总体形势严峻?。
——水资源禀赋先天不足
我国各地域水安全形势如何?
——已对社会经济发展构成严重制约
你了解水吗?
——“上善若水”
水资源有哪些基本特性?
水资源、水环境和水生态三者之间是什么关系?
——不可分割
世界上最受关注的水问题
为什么在全球变暖的同时，陆地变得干旱?
——科学家的责任
会发生水战争吗?
——对我国的水形势不能“道听途说”
多国协同修复生态系统，优化配置水资源能实现吗?
——贝加尔湖的水生态
什么是“水世界”?
——在“世界思想者节日论坛”上
美国西部的“宜荒则荒”原则对吗?
——必须遵循自然规律
波斯湾沿岸人造生态系统是如何建起来的?
——必须根据实际情况
人类能从根本上解决地球淡水短缺的问题吗?
——关键在于淡化海水清洁能源受控热核聚变能的商用
下篇：如何把用水变为“水利”
参考文献
上篇：如何让公众真正懂水
世界与中国的水态势如何
我们这个星球缺水吗?
什么是缺水的标准?
——缺水不是“没水喝”
我们这个世界缺水吗?
——缺可利用的淡水
为什么我国水安全总体形势严峻?。
——水资源禀赋先天不足
我国各地域水安全形势如何?
——已对社会经济发展构成严重制约
你了解水吗?
——“上善若水”
水资源有哪些基本特性?
水资源、水环境和水生态三者之间是什么关系?
——不可分割
世界上最受关注的水问题
为什么在全球变暖的同时，陆地变得干旱?
——科学家的责任
会发生水战争吗?
——对我国的水形势不能“道听途说”
多国协同修复生态系统，优化配置水资源能实现吗?
——贝加尔湖的水生态
什么是“水世界”?
——在“世界思想者节日论坛”上
美国西部的“宜荒则荒”原则对吗?
——必须遵循自然规律
波斯湾沿岸人造生态系统是如何建起来的?
——必须根据实际情况
人类能从根本上解决地球淡水短缺的问题吗?
——关键在于淡化海水清洁能源受控热核聚变能的商用
下篇：如何把用水变为“水利”
参考文献
前 言
Brief Introduction
The shortage of water resources is a common problem in the world today. It affects not only our humans life source, but also endangers the ecological system that the human relies on for the survival, and affects seriously the sustainable development of human beings.
The average water resources per capita of China has been reduced to 1990 cubic meters/person in recent ten years falling into the medium degree of the lack of waterline which the author hosted to make when worked at UNESCO. Chinas government, the experts and the people should attach great importance to it.
The problem of Chinas water has aroused widespread concern in the international society. The comments and the forecast can be seen continually in the international conference, research reports and all kinds of media. But many of them depend on the inaccurate data, the unknown situation, and unreasonable speculation.
Although the domestic public pays close attention to it, there also lacks the systematic thinking for the research. Some countermeasures are not reasonable, and the public has a lot of misunderstanding about the situation, thus even misleading the people.
Aiming at the above problems, the author tried to answer the most 66 concerned water problems as comprehensively as possible, who accumulated 30 years research, a hundred countries investigation, specific management for 6 and a half years on water resources in China and the practice of the ecological restoration in 20 provinces, and ask for the advice from all circles at home and abroad as well.
Wu Jisong
Feb. 6 2015
The Brief Introduction of Author
Wu Jisong: Born in 1944, Doctor and Professor, of Research Center of Circular Economy Outstanding scientist in China(a kind of award); Foreign Member of Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences; President of Beijing Association of Circular Economy Development of BUAA(Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics); Vice President of China Society of Technology Economics; President of Beijing Association of Circular Economy Development.
1968, Graduated from the Department of Mechanical Engineering Mathematics of Tsinghua University;
1968, the Tractor and the Person in charge of the Branch Farm of Lake Fangcao in Xinjiang Autonomous Region;
1971, the Turner and the Technology Head of the Xinjiang Instrument and Meter plant;
1973, the Member of Institute of Microthermal Plasma Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
1979, the Engineer of France Fontenay aux Roses Research Center of European Atomic Energy Union;
1982—1988, the Vice Director and the Deputy Director of the International Organization of Department of the International Cooperation Bureau of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
1985—1986, Presided the project of “Multidisciplinary Studies on Applications to Economic Development” of Unesco;
1990—1992, Deputy Representative and the Counsellor of Chinese Permanent Delegation to Unesco;
1992—1993, Hightechnology and Environment Consultant of Science and Technology Sector of Unesco;
1993, the Deputy Director of the International Bureau of the Information Office of the State Council;
1995, the Director General of Research Office of Environmental and Resources Committee of National Peoples Congress;
1998—2004, Exective Vicedirector General of National Water Saving Office, Director General of Department of Water Resources, Ministry of Water Resources of China;
2000, Special Assistant to the President of Beijing Olympic Games Bidding Committee;
2004—2008, the Dean of School of Economics and Management of BUAA;
2009, Foreign Member of Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences;
2010, the Member of the Expert Advisory Committee of Beijing Municipal Government;
2011, Won the Management Science Award (Academic courses) by Chinese Society of Management Science;
2013, the Director of the adviser Committee of the International Ecological Safety Collaborative Organization.
水！最受关注的66个水问题
从“以水定地”到“以水定城”的提出
从“以水定地”到“以水定城”的提出
自2012年底作者有幸与台盟中央合作，主持“新型城镇化系列研究”（共三个报告），经台盟中央上报，自2013年2月至2014年2月，在长达一年的时间里中央主要领导持续高度关注，批示达12次之多，最长的一次达182字。批至国家发改委、环保部、住建部、水利部和农业部等多个有关部门研究采纳。说明中央领导对新型城镇化中的水问题的高度重视。
依据作者45年具体操作、专门研究、百国考察、六年半全国水资源具体管理和廿省水生态修复实践提出的“以水定地”“以水定人”“以水定城”的用水原则终于在中央领导的高度重视和直接领导下建立起来了，对我国的可持续发展是件大事。
1以水定地
1968年作者从清华大学毕业后到新疆农场劳动锻炼挖渠浇水，由于表现好，一年后开上了拖拉机。
不久，作者就对当初引以为荣的工作产生了疑问。我们开垦的这块千年处女地，第一次犁开时虽不像东北的黑土地，但由于固沙植物对水土的保持，下面也是深褐的湿土。由于当年天山上的雪水下来得多，所以开荒后，千年沃野加上充足的雪水，种什么都是大丰收，真是玉米长、西瓜大。但是，如果第二三年雪水少，这些地就只能不种，而要荒上两年，很薄的表层土壤就会沙化，整个开荒区也会沙漠化，于是半荒漠半绿洲地区就变成荒漠了。而被开荒犁掉的千年固沙植物可是“铁犁铲得尽，春风吹不生。”想修复已不可能了。在这里作者亲身体验到，农业的发展取决于水，不仅取决于当年的水，还要取决于当地的水资源状况（即多年平均）。自那时起，作者开始领悟到“以水定地”，并在以后的工作中不断提出。因为没有一种产业不用水，所以完全可以推广到其他产业。
根据作者20世纪中的亲身体验和世纪末的全面考察，至少到21世纪初，新疆已基本无荒可开，所谓开的“荒”全是沙漠与绿洲的过渡带，而过渡带对绿洲有极强的保护作用。由于水是一定的，如果在这里开了100亩的荒，而且要保持连续耕种，那么在另一处就要损失100亩的绿洲，这样做，得未必偿失。
2以水定人
水是生命之源，也是人类生存的三大必要条件之一，因此“以水定人”是科学的结论。
目前水资源短缺是全球性问题，就国家而言，不存在缺水问题的只有加拿大和印尼等少数几个国家。究竟什么是缺水的科学标准呢？要先看人类用水有哪些方面。人类用水主要有生活、生产和生态三个方面。生态水是作者首先提出的新概念。作者在联合国教科文组织根据46国852个案例的统计平均值主持制定的人类与水资源关系的标准中，给出了如下“以水定人”的标准，如果不能维系可持续发展人均水资源量的最低标准，就只能靠超采地下水而“子吃卯粮”，从而破坏了生态系统。
地球上温带地区生活与生产用水的水资源标准
水资源丰欠标准人均水资源量阈值/立方米
丰水大于3 000
轻度缺水2 000～3 000
中度缺水1 000～2 000/1 700（原有阈值
The shortage of water resources is a common problem in the world today. It affects not only our humans life source, but also endangers the ecological system that the human relies on for the survival, and affects seriously the sustainable development of human beings.
The average water resources per capita of China has been reduced to 1990 cubic meters/person in recent ten years falling into the medium degree of the lack of waterline which the author hosted to make when worked at UNESCO. Chinas government, the experts and the people should attach great importance to it.
The problem of Chinas water has aroused widespread concern in the international society. The comments and the forecast can be seen continually in the international conference, research reports and all kinds of media. But many of them depend on the inaccurate data, the unknown situation, and unreasonable speculation.
Although the domestic public pays close attention to it, there also lacks the systematic thinking for the research. Some countermeasures are not reasonable, and the public has a lot of misunderstanding about the situation, thus even misleading the people.
Aiming at the above problems, the author tried to answer the most 66 concerned water problems as comprehensively as possible, who accumulated 30 years research, a hundred countries investigation, specific management for 6 and a half years on water resources in China and the practice of the ecological restoration in 20 provinces, and ask for the advice from all circles at home and abroad as well.
Wu Jisong
Feb. 6 2015
The Brief Introduction of Author
Wu Jisong: Born in 1944, Doctor and Professor, of Research Center of Circular Economy Outstanding scientist in China(a kind of award); Foreign Member of Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences; President of Beijing Association of Circular Economy Development of BUAA(Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics); Vice President of China Society of Technology Economics; President of Beijing Association of Circular Economy Development.
1968, Graduated from the Department of Mechanical Engineering Mathematics of Tsinghua University;
1968, the Tractor and the Person in charge of the Branch Farm of Lake Fangcao in Xinjiang Autonomous Region;
1971, the Turner and the Technology Head of the Xinjiang Instrument and Meter plant;
1973, the Member of Institute of Microthermal Plasma Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
1979, the Engineer of France Fontenay aux Roses Research Center of European Atomic Energy Union;
1982—1988, the Vice Director and the Deputy Director of the International Organization of Department of the International Cooperation Bureau of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
1985—1986, Presided the project of “Multidisciplinary Studies on Applications to Economic Development” of Unesco;
1990—1992, Deputy Representative and the Counsellor of Chinese Permanent Delegation to Unesco;
1992—1993, Hightechnology and Environment Consultant of Science and Technology Sector of Unesco;
1993, the Deputy Director of the International Bureau of the Information Office of the State Council;
1995, the Director General of Research Office of Environmental and Resources Committee of National Peoples Congress;
1998—2004, Exective Vicedirector General of National Water Saving Office, Director General of Department of Water Resources, Ministry of Water Resources of China;
2000, Special Assistant to the President of Beijing Olympic Games Bidding Committee;
2004—2008, the Dean of School of Economics and Management of BUAA;
2009, Foreign Member of Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences;
2010, the Member of the Expert Advisory Committee of Beijing Municipal Government;
2011, Won the Management Science Award (Academic courses) by Chinese Society of Management Science;
2013, the Director of the adviser Committee of the International Ecological Safety Collaborative Organization.
水！最受关注的66个水问题
从“以水定地”到“以水定城”的提出
从“以水定地”到“以水定城”的提出
自2012年底作者有幸与台盟中央合作，主持“新型城镇化系列研究”（共三个报告），经台盟中央上报，自2013年2月至2014年2月，在长达一年的时间里中央主要领导持续高度关注，批示达12次之多，最长的一次达182字。批至国家发改委、环保部、住建部、水利部和农业部等多个有关部门研究采纳。说明中央领导对新型城镇化中的水问题的高度重视。
依据作者45年具体操作、专门研究、百国考察、六年半全国水资源具体管理和廿省水生态修复实践提出的“以水定地”“以水定人”“以水定城”的用水原则终于在中央领导的高度重视和直接领导下建立起来了，对我国的可持续发展是件大事。
1以水定地
1968年作者从清华大学毕业后到新疆农场劳动锻炼挖渠浇水，由于表现好，一年后开上了拖拉机。
不久，作者就对当初引以为荣的工作产生了疑问。我们开垦的这块千年处女地，第一次犁开时虽不像东北的黑土地，但由于固沙植物对水土的保持，下面也是深褐的湿土。由于当年天山上的雪水下来得多，所以开荒后，千年沃野加上充足的雪水，种什么都是大丰收，真是玉米长、西瓜大。但是，如果第二三年雪水少，这些地就只能不种，而要荒上两年，很薄的表层土壤就会沙化，整个开荒区也会沙漠化，于是半荒漠半绿洲地区就变成荒漠了。而被开荒犁掉的千年固沙植物可是“铁犁铲得尽，春风吹不生。”想修复已不可能了。在这里作者亲身体验到，农业的发展取决于水，不仅取决于当年的水，还要取决于当地的水资源状况（即多年平均）。自那时起，作者开始领悟到“以水定地”，并在以后的工作中不断提出。因为没有一种产业不用水，所以完全可以推广到其他产业。
根据作者20世纪中的亲身体验和世纪末的全面考察，至少到21世纪初，新疆已基本无荒可开，所谓开的“荒”全是沙漠与绿洲的过渡带，而过渡带对绿洲有极强的保护作用。由于水是一定的，如果在这里开了100亩的荒，而且要保持连续耕种，那么在另一处就要损失100亩的绿洲，这样做，得未必偿失。
2以水定人
水是生命之源，也是人类生存的三大必要条件之一，因此“以水定人”是科学的结论。
目前水资源短缺是全球性问题，就国家而言，不存在缺水问题的只有加拿大和印尼等少数几个国家。究竟什么是缺水的科学标准呢？要先看人类用水有哪些方面。人类用水主要有生活、生产和生态三个方面。生态水是作者首先提出的新概念。作者在联合国教科文组织根据46国852个案例的统计平均值主持制定的人类与水资源关系的标准中，给出了如下“以水定人”的标准，如果不能维系可持续发展人均水资源量的最低标准，就只能靠超采地下水而“子吃卯粮”，从而破坏了生态系统。
地球上温带地区生活与生产用水的水资源标准
水资源丰欠标准人均水资源量阈值/立方米
丰水大于3 000
轻度缺水2 000～3 000
中度缺水1 000～2 000/1 700（原有阈值
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