老有所居: 老年公寓设计（耳顺、从心之年，探一处窝心住所，撷满心之安宁！）

　　21世纪，银色浪潮席卷全球！老年公寓需求两不断加大，是挑战也是机遇。《老有所居：老年公寓设计》从建筑设计的角度，收集全球*适于老年人居住的老年公寓设计案例，用大量精美的图片对建筑结构进行详细的解剖和分析，供广大设计师、开发商参考。

　　当前，我国人口老龄化进程不断加快，传统的居家养老已无法满足养老的需求。面对亿万老人养老这一旺盛的市场需求，养老、托老服务已成为一个新的创业领域。而作为养老方式之一的老年公寓更是由于其专业化、人文化满足了对老年人生活照料、护理康复和精神关爱等方面的需求，因此受到了人们的热捧。对于老年公寓的建筑设计，在很多方面与普通公寓都有所不同。如功能空间的大小、通道的设置、随处可见的“安全抓杆”及人性化设计的楼梯等，这些特殊的设计，都充分考虑到老年人心理、生理和行为的特点，舒适且安全。本书则以全球经典案例入手从诸多方面加以诠释，展现一座座人性化老年公寓。

Grasmere Terrace 格拉斯梅尔露台老年公寓
Lar Casa de Magalh?esLar Casa de Magalh?es 老年公寓
GZS – Pflegewohnhaus Simmering 维也纳Simmering 老年公寓
Rest Villa Funabori Funabori 老年公寓
Day Centre for the Elderly in Horta-Guinardó Horta-Guinardó
老年中心
Flintholm Care Centre Flintholm 老年公寓
Mornington Centre 莫宁顿老年公寓
Home for the Elderly, Idrija 伊德里亚老年公寓
Hilea Hilea 老年公寓
The Hodos Centre for the Elderly Hodos 老年公寓
Elderly Residence Mas Piteu Mas Piteu 老年公寓
Veronica House Elderly Care Facility 维罗尼卡老年护理中心
Solund Retirement Community Solund 退休社区
IDU TERRACE: Nursing Home for the Elderly in Mishima IDU-TERRACE
三岛老人
特别养护中心
Home for the Elderly on the Pacific Cliffs 太平洋峭壁上的老年公寓
Norra Vram Norra Vram 老年公寓
Izumiyamasou Elderly People Nursery Home 伊兹米亚玛索老年公寓
Meander 漫步老年公寓
Alexander Nursing Home 亚历山大老年公寓
Kilbride Nursing Home 基尔布赖德老年公寓
Boarding House for Seniors 捷克老年宿舍
Retirement Home 捷克退休老年公寓
Elderly Care House, Bevaix 伯韦老年护理公寓
Falcognana Elderly Centre Falcognana 老年中心
Hospice Djursland 杜祖斯岛老年护理中心
The Hep-House Hep 老年公寓
The Fuglsang Lake Centre 富格尔桑湖中心老年公寓
Wozoco Apartments Wozoco 老年公寓
BBK Sarriko Centre BBK Sarriko 中心

　　Senior Centre was built according to the characteristics and
needs of the elderly. It emerged in the Nordic countries, developed
in some cities of the United States in the 1990s. With the advance
of economy and standard of living improvement, market demand for
the Senior Centre is also growing. Today Japan and some Western
countries has already begun to implement the elderly residential
design and facilities to the ordinary residential design and
construction, so that the elderly can live in comfort in their old
age.
　　The housing problem of the elderly mainly comes from the lack of
coordination between the body’s natural aging and living
conditions, and expands into a social phenomenon with the changes
in family values. With the old people’s social role have changing,
their work time is greatly reduced and they have more leisure time
to enjoy the life. Planning and design of the elderly community
must adapt to the trend of an aging population, provide appropriate
living conditions for the elderly which including the various needs
of their body and the spirit, to enrich their lives and improve
their quality of life.
　　Some scholars and designers pointed out, after deeply understand
the need of the elderly to design the Senior Centre is the truly
reflect the user-friendly design. Firstly, the physiological
characteristics of the elderly determined the Senior Centre design
should be convenient, practical, thus the low-density resident and
green design has become the essential factors of the aging
community. Room requires sunny and natural ventilation with compact
layout, enable to minimize the difficulties of their self-care and
daily activities. Attention to every detail is the basic heeds to
the design. Secondly, it need complete supporting facilities and
services around the Senior Centre, such as hospital, fitness and
entertainment, culture, education, books, shopping centres, banks,
post offices and so on. In addition, the design of the outdoor
environment should be designed according to the physiological and
behavioral characteristics of the elderly and provide them more
opportunity to get close to nature. Interaction space design not
only meet the psychological needs of the older people eager to
communicate with others, but also promote the elderly faced with
the problem of aging in a positive frame of mind.
　　The aging of the population has become an undisputable reality,
and only the comfortable living environment to make the elderly to
enjoy their elderly life better. Today, the construction of Senior
Centre has been relatively mature in the United States, Japan,
Australia and some other countries. Which the construction concept
and humane care has all become the object of many countries for
reference. For example, nursing home for the elderly in Mishima,
Whether from inside or outside of the building, one looks through
the building to see the scenery that is beyond, be that mountains,
streetscape, workshop, car, people, sky, birds and trees. And the
designers successfully established the relationship between the
elderly and beauty. the bookhas collect excellent global design
case from the view of architectural design, and analysis the
building layout and outdoor environment with detailed
illustration.
　　老年公寓是依据老年人的特点和需求而设计、建造的专供老年人居住的住宅。老年公寓兴起于北欧，90
年代在美国蓬勃发展起来。随着经济的发展、人民生活水平的提高以及观念的转变，老年公寓的市场需求也在不断增长。如今，日本和西方一些国家的老年住宅设计和设施已经“普通化”，即在普及住宅的设计和建设过程中，考虑老年人的需求，以便老人能在自己的住宅中安度晚年。

　　老年人的居住问题主要来源于人体的自然老化与一成不变的居住条件之间的不协调，加上家庭价值现的变化将这种不协调扩大成社会现象。随着社会角色的转变，老年人的工作时间大大缩短，比其他年龄的人群有更多的闲暇时光，从而有了足够的时间与他们所在的住所及其环境发生关系。因此，老年社区的规划设计必须要适应人口老龄化的趋势，为年老者提供恰当的生活环绕，包括身体和精神的各种需求，以充实他们的生活内容，提高生活质量。

　　有学者和设计师指出，只有深入了解老年人的需求，才能设计出合格的老年住宅，才是真正体现设计人性化的。首先，老年人的生理特点决定了老年人的住宅设计应从方便、实用的角度出发。清新的空气和开阔的视野是老年人对居住环境的基本要求，于是低密度住宅和良好的绿化设施就成为老龄社区的必备因素。道路要无障碍设计，户内则应有紧急呼叫与电子安防系统。居室要求阳光充足和保持自然通风，室内空间宜紧凑，使老年人平时生活自理

　　和日常活动的困难减至最少。对每一个细节的重视，是老年人公寓设计的基本要求。其次，老年公寓周边要有完备的服务配套和设施，如医院、健身娱乐、文化教育、图书资料、购物中心、银行、邮局、交流活动区域等。此外，户外环境的设计也应该根据老年人的生理特点来设计，为老人提供更多亲近自然的机会。同时，在小区的整体规划中，还要考虑满足老年人开展户外活动、与邻里交流的要求，处理好其他设施与住宅之间的关系，避免老年人产生

　　与社会隔绝、被社会抛弃的消极心理。交往空间的设计不仅满足了老年人渴望与人交流的心理需求，同时也激发老年人以一种积极的心态面对老龄化的问题。

　　人口老龄化已经是不争的事实，舒适安逸的居住环境才能发觉老年人更好地享受晚年生活，让天下老年人能够实现老有所养、老有所乐、颐养天年的理想。现今，美国、日本、澳大利亚等国的老年公寓建设已经相对成熟。他们兴建老年住宅的理念、人文关怀的表现都被许多国家借鉴。如日本的三岛老年公寓，无论从在老年公寓的内部还是外部，老人都可以饱览丰富壮观的景色，包括山景、街景、厂房、汽车、行人、天空、鸟儿、树木等，设计师成功建立起公寓内居民与美景之间的联系。本书从建筑设计的角度，收集全球最适合老年人居住的老年公寓的成功案例，对建筑空间布局及户外环境进行详细的图解和分析，供广大设计师、开发商参考学习。

　　Project Description
　　The existing facility has 37 beds of High Care in various
configurations from single to 6 bed wards. The operation and
servicing of the residences was inefficient and costly.
　　Functional Space
　　The new facility contains 57 beds of single and double rooms all
with ensuite bathrooms. The new living and dining areas take
advantage of the northerly aspect and these spaces have great
connection to outdoor and garden areas. There is a new commercial
kitchen and laundry
　　that services the facility and new staff areas that allows for
meeting, training and office. There is also underground secure
parking for visitors and staffs.
　　Humanization Design
　　The facility has been designed to allow for a 2 stages
construction programme. It allowed the existing facility to remain
in operation as the Stage 1 wing was built and also meant existing
residence did not have to be transferred to another facility. These
residence where then moved to the new wing whilst Stage 2 works
where completed.
　　项目简介
　　亚历山大老年公寓原本共有37个高级护理床位，从单人间到6人间不等。其建造与维修的成本相对较高，与效率也不成正比。
　　功能空间
　　翻修过后的新公寓共有57个床位，均为带有独立浴室的单人房或双人房。新的生活区和用餐区则充分利用了北面的景观，同时这些空间也与室外和花园区直接相连。此外，还增加了配有商用厨房和洗衣店的新服务区以及员工开会、培训和办公的区域。同时，还有为访客和员工修建的安全地下停车场。

　　人性化设计
　　该项目分两个阶段完成。第一阶段在原本建筑的一侧增加了新的结构，也意味着原本的公寓并没有因改造而受太大的影响，保持运营。第二阶段将原本住在公寓中的老年人转移至新的建筑后，再对原来的建筑结构进行改造。