微生物学与免疫学精要与习题(第6版)(W)

　　本书是美国医师*考试（USMLE）的品牌丛书，本书融微生物学与免疫学知识精要、临床关联和USMLE题目为一体，既有利于知识学习，又有助于通过USMLE及医学相关的考试，被众多通过USMLE的考生推荐为参考书，并被世界多所著名医学院校选定为教学用书。该系列书具有以下特点：（1） 提供每门学科核心的知识，帮助你掌握学科知识的精华；（2）大量的图表，使知识可视化呈现，易于理解和记忆；（3）“临床关联”，帮助你把基础和临床知识融会贯通；（4）每章后附有USMLE题目，并有详细解析，帮助你通过USMLE等各种考试。

Dedication
Acknowledgements
How to Use this Book
1. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MICROORGANISMS
  I. The Microbial World
  II. Host-Parasite Relationship
  III.Sterilization and Disinfection
  Review Test
2. BACTERIA
  I. Bacterial Structure
  II. Bacterial Growth and Replication
  III. Bacterial Viruses
  IV. Genetics
  V. Bacterial Pathogenesis
  VI. Host Defenses to Bacteria
  VII. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
  Review Test
3. IMPORTANT BACTERIAL GENERA
  I. Clinical Laboratory Identification
  II. Introduction to Major Bacterial Genera
  III. Gram-Positive Bacteria
  IV. Gram-Negative Bacteria
  V. Poorly Gram-Staining Bacteria
  Review Test
4. BACTERIAL DISEASES
  I. Major Recurring Species
  II. Eye Infections
  III. Dental Disease
  IV. Ear and Sinus Infections
  V. Bacterial Pharyngitis
  VI. Infections of the Respiratory System
  VII. Pneumonia/Pneumonitis
  VIII. Nervous System Infections: Meningitis
  IX. Nervous System Infections: Nonmeningitis Conditions
  X. Cardiovascular Infections: Vasculitis
  XI. Cardiovascular Infections: Endocarditis
  XII. Cardiovascular: Myocarditis
  XIII. Gastrointestinal Infections
  XIV. Urinary Tract Infections
  XV. Skin, Mucosal, Soft Tissue, and Bone Infections
  XVI. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
  XVII. Pregnancy, Congenital, and Perinatal Infections
  XVIII. Arthropod-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
  XIX. Bacterial Vaccines
  Review Test
5. VIRUSES
  I. Nature of Human Viruses
  II. Viral Classification
  III. Viral Replication and Genetics
  IV. Viral Pathogenesis
  V. Host Defenses to Viruses
  VI. Immunotherapy, Antivirals, and Interferon
  VII. Diagnostic Virology
  VIII. DNAViruses
  IX. RNAViruses
  X. Slow Viruses and Prions
  XI. Oncogenic Viruses
  Review Test
6. SYSTEM-BASED AND SITUATIONAL VIRAL INFECTIONS
  I. Eye Infections
  II. Ear Infections
  III. Upper Respiratory Tract (Mouth and Throat) Infections
  IV. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
  V. Gastrointestinal Infections
  VI. Liver Infection
  VII. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
  VIII. Cardiovascular Infections
  IX. Nervous System Infections
  X. Skin, Mucosal, and Soft Tissue Infections
  XI. Childhood Infections
  XII. Congenital and Neonatal Infections
  XIII. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  XIV. Postinfectious Disease
  XV. Organ Transplant-Associated Diseases
  XVI. Arboviral and Zoonotic Diseases
  Review Test
7. MYCOLOGY
  I. Overview of Fungi
  II. Fungal Groups
  III. Overview of Fungal Diseases
  IV. Diagnosis of Fungal Infections
  V. Antifungal Drugs
  Review Test
8. FUNGAL DISEASES
  I. Superficial Skin Infections
  II. Cutaneous Mycoses
  III. Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
  IV. Subcutaneous Mycoses
  V. Pneumonias/Systemic Mycoses: Pathogens
  VI. Opportunistic Mycoses
  VII. Tables for Self-Testing
  Review Test
9. PARASITOLOGY
  I. Characteristics of Parasites and Their Hosts
  II Protozoan Parasites
  III. Worms
  Review Test
10. PARASITIC DISEASES
  Review Test
11. CLUES FOR DISTINGUISHING CAUSATIVE
    INFECTIOUS AGENTS (SYSTEMS APPROACH)
  I. Conjunctivitis
  II. Pneumonias
  III. Diarrheas and Dysentery
  IV. Acute Meningitis
  V. Bacterial and Viral Skin Infection and Rashes
  VI. Genitourinary Tract Infections
  VII. System Summaries of Infectious Agents
    A. Characteristics of Important Causes of Encephalitis
    B. Characteristics of Important Causes of Meningitis
    C. Characteristics of Important Causes of Pneumonia
    D. Characteristics of Important Causes of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
    E. Characteristics of Important Causes of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
  Review Test
12. IMMUNOLOGY
  I. Overview
  II. Non-Specific Barriers
  III. Inflammation and Soluble Factors
  IV. Mediators of Inflammation and Immunity
  V. Innate Immunity
  VI. Antibodies
  VII. Properties of Antibodies
  VIII. Immunogenetics
  IX. Adaptive Immunity
  X. Response to Antigen
  XI. Immunologic Assays
  XII. Clinical Immunological Disorders
  Review Test
Comprehensive Examination: Block 1
Comprehensive Examination: Block 2
Comprehensive Examination: Block 3
Comprehensive Examination: Block 4
Index

　　b.Followingingestionofcontaminatedwaterorfood,cholerahasanabruptonsetofintensevomitinganddiarrheaasthekeyfinding.Copiousfluidloss(ist020L/d)leadstoclearstoolswithflecksofmucusandtorapidmetabolicacidosisandhypovolemicshock.Itresultsinremissionordeathafter2or3days.
　　c.LabID:diagnosedbyclinicalmanifestations,combinedwithahistoryofresidenceinorarecentvisittoanendemicarea.TheorganismappearsinthestoolandcanbeidentifiedbyFAstaining.
　　d.Treatment:treatedwithpromptreplacementoffluidsandelectrolytes；thepatientshouldappearhealthierwithinlt03hours.Propertherapyreducesthefatalityratefrom60%to1%.Tetracyclineshouldbegiventoreduceongoingstoolvolumeandinfectivity；ifantibioticsarenotgiven,thepatientwillrecoverbutwillshedorganismsforaslongaslyear.
　　e.OtherVibrioagents:
　　(1)Vibrioparahaemolyticus,alsoamarineorganismincontaminatedshellfish,causesrelativelymildgastroenteritis.
　　(2)Vibriovu/nificuscontaminatessomeGulfofMexicooysterbedsinlatesummer.Itisfoundinoystersandcausesrelativelymildgastroenteritisexceptinpeoplewithliverdiseasewhodevelopserioussepticemia.Italsocausesaseriouscellulitisincutsfromshuckingcontaminatedoysters.

　　……