Corporate Social Responsibility and Chinese Governance

Chapter 1 CSR Overview
1．Definitions of CSR
2．The effects of organizational activity
3．Brundtland report and sustainable development
4．A typology of CSR
5．The relationship between CSR and business financial success!

Chapter 2 lobalization and CSR
1 ． Globalization
2．How globalization affects CSR
3．Globalization， corporate failures and CSR
4．Is globalization an opportunity or threat for CSR

Chapter 3 The Principles of CSR
1．The prominence of CSR
2．The underlying theories of CSR
3．The principles of CSR
4．Disclosure in corporate reporting
5．Accounting and accountability
6．Recognizing CSR
7．Environmental issues and their effects and implications

Chapter 4 Stakeholders
1．Multiple stakeholding
2．The classification of stakeholders
3．Stakeholder theory
4．Informational needs
5．Regulation and its implications
6．Environmental impact reporting
7．Environment and stakeholders
8．Risk reducing

Chapter 5 The Social Contract
1．Classical Liberal Theory
2．Utilitarianism
3． The free market system
4．A discussion of financial crisis
5．Agency and economic activity
6．Risk and responsibility

Chapter 6 Sustainability and CSR
1．The Brundtland Report and Sustainability
2．Sustainability and the cost of capital
3．Redefining sustainability
4．Financial， social and environmental performance
5．Performance evaluation
6．Sustainability reporting
7．Risk reducing
8．The distributional problem
9．Distributable sustainability
10．Durability essence

Chapter 7 CSR in NGOs and Non-Profit Organnizations
1．The nature of the sector
2．Competing for resources
3．Types of NGOs
4．Motivation for starting an NGO
5．Implications for managers
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Chapter 8 Performance Evaluation and Report
Chapter 9 CSR and Leadership
Chapter 10 CSR and Strategy

《Corporate Social Responsibility and Chinese Gove》：
　　The financial and economic crisis has shown that there are failures in governance and problems with the market system. In the main these have been depicted as repre-sentative of systemic failures of the market system and the lax application of systems of governance and regulation. Thus， many people are arguing for improved systems to combat this. Naturally many people have discussed these failures and the conse-quent problems and will continue to do so into the future. It is not， of course， the first such crisis and the market economy has been proceeding on a course of boom and bust for the last twenty years， which is not dissimilar to that of the 1960s and 1970s which the neo-conservatives claimed to have stopped. The main differences are that recent cycles are driven by the financial markets and the era of globalization means that no country is immune from the effects felt in other countries.
　　This globalization should stifle one of the debates concerning the crisis： This is the one concerning the prevention of future occurrences through the introduction of an enhanced regulatory regime. Regulators are bounded by their terms and areas of reference， whereas finance and trade is increasingly boundaryless. So the only form of regulation which would be effective would be a global system of regulation （Aras and Crowther， 2009a）. At present this does not appear to be a viable option because of vested interests in other forms of control.
　　Of vital concern to all forms of business， however， and also to leaders in gov-emments， NGOs and financial institutions is the question of sustainability and the conditions under which sustainable development become possible. Although environ-mental effects are an important part of sustainability for businesses and for economic or financial activity mediated through the markets， sustainability is actually much more complex than this and requires the balancing of a variety of different factors （Aras and Crowther， 2009a）. Nevertheless， sustainable economic activity is dependent upon sustainable businesses whilst sustainable businesses are equally dependent upon stable and sustainable markets； equally the sustainability of national economies is de-pendent upon both， as is the global economy-a truly complex and symbiotic rela-tionship. If regulatory control of these interrelationships is problematic then this means that governance is also problematic-possibly one cause of the current crisis.
　　What is the cause of the financial crisis? With such powerful effects it is natu-rally a newsworthy topic-and certainly one for which we should strive tounderstand the causes in order to develop mechanisms which will alleviate its effects and more importantly prevent its reoccurrence. First， of course， we need to recognize that this is not the first such crisis-and that it is not very long since the last one. It seems therefore that the memories of the people buying and selling in financial mar-kets are very short. This can be explained as a feature of the quick turnover of these people coupled with the enormous bonuses which they receive， which gives a very short-term focus to their decision making-surely a very significant factor in the cause of the crisis and recognized as such by most people even though no one is willing to take actions.
　　Many people have commented upon the current financial crisis， its causes and consequences and there have been many attempts to theorize the problem in terms of market failure or governance failure. For some it is even the failure of capitalism.These people tend to advocate a change to the system generally to another of their personal preference. Others have been more concerned to allocate blame-to the banks， the financial markets， the regulators or to governments-again according to their personal prejudices. Still others would say that it is an inevitable consequence of greed， ignorance and irresponsibility. And the solutions all seem to involve gov-emment rescue， sometimes coupled with penalties for those in the financial sector who are deemed to be responsible. And an important aspect seems to be the need to apportion blame rather than consider remedies for the future.
　　One thing which is apparent， however， is that the current financial crisis， much as previous ones， has highlighted failures in governance and failures in regulation.Indeed， some writers， in their desire for scapegoating， have argued that the regulators are more guilty even than the perpetrators should be sanctioned accordingly. There is， of course， one flaw in this argument and one problem with managing the prevention of future financial crisis and this is concemed with the recognition of and regulation of a truly global financial market.
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