描述
开 本: 16开纸 张: 胶版纸包 装: 精装是否套装: 否国际标准书号ISBN: 9787302223900
内容简介
时间是自然界无处不在的属性。时态信息处理已经成为现代信息系统的重要组成部分。本书系统研究时态信息处理技术及其应用，内容包括：（1）时间模型、时间演算和时态逻辑方法；（2）时态数据库基本概念、时态数据模型、时间算子now的语义和时态数据索引；（3）时态数据查询语言，以TempDB为例介绍时态数据库管理系统的设计和实现；（4）XML、工作流时态扩展和时态知识模型；（5）时态应用模式，并给出一个典型的时态应用实例。
本书读者对象为高等院校计算机专业的师生，科研机构及相关领域的研发人员等。
本书读者对象为高等院校计算机专业的师生，科研机构及相关领域的研发人员等。
目 录
Preface
List of Figures and Tables
Part I Temporal Models and Calculation Methods
1 From Time Data to Temporal Information
1.1 Application Requirement
1.2 What Is Time Data
1.2.1 Time Point
1.2.2 Time Interval
1.2.3 Time Span
1.2.4 Complex Time Data
1.3 Temporal Information, Temporal Database and Temporal System
1.3.1 What Is Temporal Information
1.3.2 Temporal Database
1.3.3 Temporal System
1.4 Origin and Development of Temporal Information Technologies
1.4.1 Founding Phase
1.4.2 Development Phase
1.4.3 Application Phase
1.5 Current Situation, Problems and Trends
1.5.1 Current Situation
1.5.2 Existent Problems in Temporal Database Research
1.5.3 Trends
References
2 Time Calculation and Temporal Logic Method
2.1 Time Model
2.1.1 Continuous Model
2.1.2 Stepwise Model
2.1.3 Discrete Model
2.1.4 Non Temporal Model
2.2 Properties of Time Structure
2.2.1 Order Relations of Time Sets
2.2.2 First Order Properties of Time Flow
2.3 Point-Based Temporal Logic
2.3.1 Temporal Extensions Based Snapshot Model
2.3.2 Temporal Extensions Based Timestamp Model
2.4 Interval-Based Temporal Logic
2.4.1 From Interval to Point
2.4.2 From Point to Point
2.4.3 Temporal Predict
2.5 Calculation Based on Span
2.6 Other Temporal Calculations in Common Use
2.7 Time Granularity andConversion Calculation
2.7.1 Time Granularity and Chronon
2.7.2 State of Existence of Time Granularity
2.7.3 Operations of Time Granularity
2.7.4 Relational Chart of Time Granularity Conversion
2.8 Tense Logic
2.8.1 Syntax and Semantics of Tense Logic
2.8.2 Axiomatics and Properties
References
3 Temporal Extension of Relational Algebra
3.1 Regular Relational Operations
3.1.1 Basic Notions
3.1.2 Relational Algebra
3.1.3 Relational Calculus
3.2 Relational Algebra of Historical Database
3.2.1 Basic Notions and Terminologies
3.2.2 HRDM Model
3.2.3 Historical Relational Algebra of HRDM
3.3 Bitemporal Relational Algebra of BCDM
3.3.1 Basic Notions and Terminologies
3.3.2 Bitemporal Relational Algebra
3.4 Snapshot Reducibility and Temporal Completeness
3.4.1 Snapshot Reducibility
3.4.2 Temporal Semi-Completeness
3.4.3 Temporal Completeness
References
Part II Database Based on Temporal Information
4 Temporal Data Model and Temporal Database Systems
4.1 Time-Dimensions
4.1.1 User-Defined Time
4.1.2 Valid Time
4.1.3 Transaction Time
4.1.4 Two Temporal Variables: Now and UC
4.1.5 An Illustration
4.2 Temporal Database Types
4.2.1 Snapshot Database
4.2.2 Historical Database
4.2.3 Rollback Database
4.2.4 Bitemporal Database
4.3 Temporal Data Models
4.3.1 Bitemporal Time Stamps
4.3.2 BCDM
4.3.3 Temporal Entity-Relationship Data Model
4.4 Difference from Real-Time Database
References
5 Spatio-Temporal Data Model and Spatio-Temporal Databases
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Spatio-Temporal Data Model
5.2.1 Spatio-Temporal Object
5.2.2 Basic Considerations of Spatio-Temporal Modeling
5.2.3 Version Based Data Model
5.2.4 Event-Based Data Model
5.2.5 Constraint-Based Data Model
5.2.6 Moving Objects Data Model
5.3 Query on Spatio-Temporal Data
5.3.1 Spatio-Temporal Data Query
5.3.2 Moving Data Query
5.3.3 Spatio-Temporal Database Language
5.4 Structure of Spatio-Temporal Database System
5.4.1 Structure of Complete Type
5.4.2 Structure of Layered Type
5.4.3 Structure of Extended Type
Reference
6 Temporal Extension of XML Data Model
6.1 Motivation
6.1.1 XML Temporal Driven
6.1.2 Commercial-Driven Temporal Database
6.2 Temporal Research of the Semi-Structured Data
6.3 Temporal XML Model and Query Mechanism
References
7 Data Operations Based on Temporal Variables
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Data Model Based on Temporal Variables
7.2.1 Order and Temporal Variables
7.2.2 Main Body Instances
7.2.3 Bitemporal Relation Model Based on Variables
7.3 Data Updating
7.3.1 Data Inserting
7.3.2 Data Deleting
7.3.3 Data Modifying
7.4 Data Querying
7.4.1 Now in Current Versions
7.4.2 Now in Non-Current Version
7.4.3 Temporal Querying Algorithms
References
Part III Temporal Index Technologies
8 Temporal Indexes Supporting Valid Time
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Summary of Temporal Index
8.2.1 Temporal Index Based on Transaction Time
8.2.2 Index Based on Valid Time
8.2.3 Bitemporal Index
8.3 TRdim
8.3.1 Relative Temporal Data Model
8.3.2 Temporal Relation Index Model
8.4 Data Querying and Index Updating
8.4.1 Index Querying
8.4.2 Index Updating
8.5 Simulation
8.5.1 Index Constructing
8.5.2 Query Based on Probability
8.5.3 Query Based on the Number of Data
References
9 Indexes for Moving-Objects Data
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Data Model for Moving Objects
9.2.1 Data Model Modm
9.2.2 Temporal Summary
9.3 Index for Moving Object Data
9.3.1 Linear Order Division
9.3.2 Index Model Modim
9.4 Data Query
9.5 Index Update
References
10 Temporal XML Index Schema
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Linear-Order Relation
10.2.1 Linear-Order Matrix
10.2.2 Linear-Order Equivalence Relation
10.3 Temporal Summary and Temporal Indexing
10.3.1 Data Model
10.3.2 Temporal Summary
10.3.3 Temporal Indexing
10.4 Data Query
10.4.1 Query Based onAbsolute Paths
10.4.2 Query Based on Relative Paths
10.5 Simulation and Evaluation
10.5.1 Environment and Data Design
10.5.2 Simulation and Evaluation
References
Part 1V Temporal Database Management Systems
11 Implementation of Temporal Database Management Systems
11.1 Introduction
11.2 TimeDB
11.2.1 Installation
11.2.2 TimeDB 2.0 Beta 4’s User Interface
11.2.3 Examples
11.3 TempDB
11.3.1 Installation
11.3.2 TempDB’s User Interface
11.3.3 Examples
11.4 Comparing TimeDB with TempDB
References
12 Improvement and Extension to ATSQL2
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Study on ATSQL2
12.2.1 Requirements and Expatiation
12.2.2 Properties of ATSQL2
12.3 Interpretation of ATSQL2 Semantics
12.3.1 Data Definition Statement
12.3.2 Data Manipulation Statement
12.3.3 Data Query Statement
12.4 Improved ATSQL2
12.4.1 Clear Regulation to the Semantic Operator
12.4.2 Re-Definition of Scalar Expression
12.4.3 Clearly Regulate the Usage of Common Operators and Temporal Operators in Conditional Statements
References
13 Design and Implementation of TempDB
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Framework of TempDB
13.2.1 Middleware Architecture
13.2.2 Platform of Implementation
13.2.3 Architecture of TempDB
13.3 Implementation of TempDB
13.3.1 Temporal DDL
13.3.2 Temporal DML
13.3.3 Temporal Query
13.4 Processing Mechanism of Temporal Integrity Constraints
13.4.1 Basic Concepts
13.4.2 Temporal Insertion
13.4.3 Temporal Deletion
13.4.4 Temporal Modification
13.5 Optimization of Performance
13.5.1 Temporal Indexes and MAP21
13.5.2 Binding on Now
13.5.3 MAP21-B
References
Part V TemporalApplication and Case Study
14 Research on Temporal Extended Role Hierarchy
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Related Work
14.3 Extended Role Hierarchy
14.4 Temporal Role Hierarchy
14.4.1 Time Constraint on the Inheritance of Restricted Special Permission
14.4.2 Temporal Inheritance Character
14.4.3 Space and Time Efficiency Analysis
References
15 Temporal Workflow Modeling and Its Application
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Related Work
15.3 A Modified Workflow Meta-Model and Temporal Attributes
15.3.1 Build-Time Meta-Model
15.3.2 Run-Time Meta-Model
15.3.3 A Formal Model of Temporal Workflow
15.4 Fuzzy Temporal Workflow Nets (FTWF-Nets)
15.4.1 Fuzzy Time Point
15.4.2 Formal Definition for FTWF-Nets
15.4.3 Time Related Calculation in FTWF-Nets
15.5 Time Modeling and Time Possibility Analysis
15.6 An Illustration
References
16 Temporal Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Temporal Production System
16.2.1 Basic Definitions
16.2.2 Temporal Reasoning
16.3 Prototype Implementation in a Salary System
16.3.1 Global Database
16.3.2 Data Structures of Temporal Production Rules in Database
16.3.3 Data Structures of Facts in Database
16.3.4 Details in Reasoning
16.3.5 Binding Semantics of Now Variable
References
17 Temporal Application Modes and Case Study
17.1 Temporal Application Modes
17.1.1 Entire Temporal Application Mode
17.1.2 Embedding Temporal Application Mode
17.1.3 Mix Temporal Application Mode
17.2 Temporal Data/Knowledge View
17.2.1 Temporal Data View
17.2.2 Temporal Data/Knowledge Model
17.2.3 Links of Temporal Knowledge and Temporal Data
17.3 Temporal Application in Cooperative Software
17.3.1 Three Basic Elements of Cooperative Software
17.3.2 Temporal Relation of Collaborative Roles
17.3.3 Temporal Extension in the Collaboration Information
17.3.4 Temporal Extension of Workflow
17.3.5 Case Study
17.4 SIDSS: A Typical Example of Temporal Application
17.4.1 Introduction
17.4.2 Temporal Data in SIDSS
17.4.3 Temporal Knowledge in SIDSS
17.4.4 Implementation of SIDSS
References
Appendix
A.1 Extension ATSQL of TempDB 2.1
A.2 API of TempDB 2.1
Index
List of Figures and Tables
Part I Temporal Models and Calculation Methods
1 From Time Data to Temporal Information
1.1 Application Requirement
1.2 What Is Time Data
1.2.1 Time Point
1.2.2 Time Interval
1.2.3 Time Span
1.2.4 Complex Time Data
1.3 Temporal Information, Temporal Database and Temporal System
1.3.1 What Is Temporal Information
1.3.2 Temporal Database
1.3.3 Temporal System
1.4 Origin and Development of Temporal Information Technologies
1.4.1 Founding Phase
1.4.2 Development Phase
1.4.3 Application Phase
1.5 Current Situation, Problems and Trends
1.5.1 Current Situation
1.5.2 Existent Problems in Temporal Database Research
1.5.3 Trends
References
2 Time Calculation and Temporal Logic Method
2.1 Time Model
2.1.1 Continuous Model
2.1.2 Stepwise Model
2.1.3 Discrete Model
2.1.4 Non Temporal Model
2.2 Properties of Time Structure
2.2.1 Order Relations of Time Sets
2.2.2 First Order Properties of Time Flow
2.3 Point-Based Temporal Logic
2.3.1 Temporal Extensions Based Snapshot Model
2.3.2 Temporal Extensions Based Timestamp Model
2.4 Interval-Based Temporal Logic
2.4.1 From Interval to Point
2.4.2 From Point to Point
2.4.3 Temporal Predict
2.5 Calculation Based on Span
2.6 Other Temporal Calculations in Common Use
2.7 Time Granularity andConversion Calculation
2.7.1 Time Granularity and Chronon
2.7.2 State of Existence of Time Granularity
2.7.3 Operations of Time Granularity
2.7.4 Relational Chart of Time Granularity Conversion
2.8 Tense Logic
2.8.1 Syntax and Semantics of Tense Logic
2.8.2 Axiomatics and Properties
References
3 Temporal Extension of Relational Algebra
3.1 Regular Relational Operations
3.1.1 Basic Notions
3.1.2 Relational Algebra
3.1.3 Relational Calculus
3.2 Relational Algebra of Historical Database
3.2.1 Basic Notions and Terminologies
3.2.2 HRDM Model
3.2.3 Historical Relational Algebra of HRDM
3.3 Bitemporal Relational Algebra of BCDM
3.3.1 Basic Notions and Terminologies
3.3.2 Bitemporal Relational Algebra
3.4 Snapshot Reducibility and Temporal Completeness
3.4.1 Snapshot Reducibility
3.4.2 Temporal Semi-Completeness
3.4.3 Temporal Completeness
References
Part II Database Based on Temporal Information
4 Temporal Data Model and Temporal Database Systems
4.1 Time-Dimensions
4.1.1 User-Defined Time
4.1.2 Valid Time
4.1.3 Transaction Time
4.1.4 Two Temporal Variables: Now and UC
4.1.5 An Illustration
4.2 Temporal Database Types
4.2.1 Snapshot Database
4.2.2 Historical Database
4.2.3 Rollback Database
4.2.4 Bitemporal Database
4.3 Temporal Data Models
4.3.1 Bitemporal Time Stamps
4.3.2 BCDM
4.3.3 Temporal Entity-Relationship Data Model
4.4 Difference from Real-Time Database
References
5 Spatio-Temporal Data Model and Spatio-Temporal Databases
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Spatio-Temporal Data Model
5.2.1 Spatio-Temporal Object
5.2.2 Basic Considerations of Spatio-Temporal Modeling
5.2.3 Version Based Data Model
5.2.4 Event-Based Data Model
5.2.5 Constraint-Based Data Model
5.2.6 Moving Objects Data Model
5.3 Query on Spatio-Temporal Data
5.3.1 Spatio-Temporal Data Query
5.3.2 Moving Data Query
5.3.3 Spatio-Temporal Database Language
5.4 Structure of Spatio-Temporal Database System
5.4.1 Structure of Complete Type
5.4.2 Structure of Layered Type
5.4.3 Structure of Extended Type
Reference
6 Temporal Extension of XML Data Model
6.1 Motivation
6.1.1 XML Temporal Driven
6.1.2 Commercial-Driven Temporal Database
6.2 Temporal Research of the Semi-Structured Data
6.3 Temporal XML Model and Query Mechanism
References
7 Data Operations Based on Temporal Variables
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Data Model Based on Temporal Variables
7.2.1 Order and Temporal Variables
7.2.2 Main Body Instances
7.2.3 Bitemporal Relation Model Based on Variables
7.3 Data Updating
7.3.1 Data Inserting
7.3.2 Data Deleting
7.3.3 Data Modifying
7.4 Data Querying
7.4.1 Now in Current Versions
7.4.2 Now in Non-Current Version
7.4.3 Temporal Querying Algorithms
References
Part III Temporal Index Technologies
8 Temporal Indexes Supporting Valid Time
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Summary of Temporal Index
8.2.1 Temporal Index Based on Transaction Time
8.2.2 Index Based on Valid Time
8.2.3 Bitemporal Index
8.3 TRdim
8.3.1 Relative Temporal Data Model
8.3.2 Temporal Relation Index Model
8.4 Data Querying and Index Updating
8.4.1 Index Querying
8.4.2 Index Updating
8.5 Simulation
8.5.1 Index Constructing
8.5.2 Query Based on Probability
8.5.3 Query Based on the Number of Data
References
9 Indexes for Moving-Objects Data
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Data Model for Moving Objects
9.2.1 Data Model Modm
9.2.2 Temporal Summary
9.3 Index for Moving Object Data
9.3.1 Linear Order Division
9.3.2 Index Model Modim
9.4 Data Query
9.5 Index Update
References
10 Temporal XML Index Schema
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Linear-Order Relation
10.2.1 Linear-Order Matrix
10.2.2 Linear-Order Equivalence Relation
10.3 Temporal Summary and Temporal Indexing
10.3.1 Data Model
10.3.2 Temporal Summary
10.3.3 Temporal Indexing
10.4 Data Query
10.4.1 Query Based onAbsolute Paths
10.4.2 Query Based on Relative Paths
10.5 Simulation and Evaluation
10.5.1 Environment and Data Design
10.5.2 Simulation and Evaluation
References
Part 1V Temporal Database Management Systems
11 Implementation of Temporal Database Management Systems
11.1 Introduction
11.2 TimeDB
11.2.1 Installation
11.2.2 TimeDB 2.0 Beta 4’s User Interface
11.2.3 Examples
11.3 TempDB
11.3.1 Installation
11.3.2 TempDB’s User Interface
11.3.3 Examples
11.4 Comparing TimeDB with TempDB
References
12 Improvement and Extension to ATSQL2
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Study on ATSQL2
12.2.1 Requirements and Expatiation
12.2.2 Properties of ATSQL2
12.3 Interpretation of ATSQL2 Semantics
12.3.1 Data Definition Statement
12.3.2 Data Manipulation Statement
12.3.3 Data Query Statement
12.4 Improved ATSQL2
12.4.1 Clear Regulation to the Semantic Operator
12.4.2 Re-Definition of Scalar Expression
12.4.3 Clearly Regulate the Usage of Common Operators and Temporal Operators in Conditional Statements
References
13 Design and Implementation of TempDB
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Framework of TempDB
13.2.1 Middleware Architecture
13.2.2 Platform of Implementation
13.2.3 Architecture of TempDB
13.3 Implementation of TempDB
13.3.1 Temporal DDL
13.3.2 Temporal DML
13.3.3 Temporal Query
13.4 Processing Mechanism of Temporal Integrity Constraints
13.4.1 Basic Concepts
13.4.2 Temporal Insertion
13.4.3 Temporal Deletion
13.4.4 Temporal Modification
13.5 Optimization of Performance
13.5.1 Temporal Indexes and MAP21
13.5.2 Binding on Now
13.5.3 MAP21-B
References
Part V TemporalApplication and Case Study
14 Research on Temporal Extended Role Hierarchy
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Related Work
14.3 Extended Role Hierarchy
14.4 Temporal Role Hierarchy
14.4.1 Time Constraint on the Inheritance of Restricted Special Permission
14.4.2 Temporal Inheritance Character
14.4.3 Space and Time Efficiency Analysis
References
15 Temporal Workflow Modeling and Its Application
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Related Work
15.3 A Modified Workflow Meta-Model and Temporal Attributes
15.3.1 Build-Time Meta-Model
15.3.2 Run-Time Meta-Model
15.3.3 A Formal Model of Temporal Workflow
15.4 Fuzzy Temporal Workflow Nets (FTWF-Nets)
15.4.1 Fuzzy Time Point
15.4.2 Formal Definition for FTWF-Nets
15.4.3 Time Related Calculation in FTWF-Nets
15.5 Time Modeling and Time Possibility Analysis
15.6 An Illustration
References
16 Temporal Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Temporal Production System
16.2.1 Basic Definitions
16.2.2 Temporal Reasoning
16.3 Prototype Implementation in a Salary System
16.3.1 Global Database
16.3.2 Data Structures of Temporal Production Rules in Database
16.3.3 Data Structures of Facts in Database
16.3.4 Details in Reasoning
16.3.5 Binding Semantics of Now Variable
References
17 Temporal Application Modes and Case Study
17.1 Temporal Application Modes
17.1.1 Entire Temporal Application Mode
17.1.2 Embedding Temporal Application Mode
17.1.3 Mix Temporal Application Mode
17.2 Temporal Data/Knowledge View
17.2.1 Temporal Data View
17.2.2 Temporal Data/Knowledge Model
17.2.3 Links of Temporal Knowledge and Temporal Data
17.3 Temporal Application in Cooperative Software
17.3.1 Three Basic Elements of Cooperative Software
17.3.2 Temporal Relation of Collaborative Roles
17.3.3 Temporal Extension in the Collaboration Information
17.3.4 Temporal Extension of Workflow
17.3.5 Case Study
17.4 SIDSS: A Typical Example of Temporal Application
17.4.1 Introduction
17.4.2 Temporal Data in SIDSS
17.4.3 Temporal Knowledge in SIDSS
17.4.4 Implementation of SIDSS
References
Appendix
A.1 Extension ATSQL of TempDB 2.1
A.2 API of TempDB 2.1
Index
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