地道英语写作教程（上册）

    
《地道英语写作教程(上、下册)》力图从文化比较的角度出发，以思维认知层面的分析为基础，从用词、句法、标点、修辞表达和段落等五方面的基本写作要素人手，全面、具体地分析中英文表达在各个层次的差异及特点，有助于更好地掌握英语写作的技巧，迅速提高写作水平。同时将常见的写作类型体裁分类讲解，并结合当下英语考试中常考的写作题型，注重实用、实践性。
《地道英语写作教程(上)》(作者张清)为上册，面向大学本科生、研究生以及中高级英语学习者，可以作为常规课堂教材来指导学生全面提高语言素质和写作水平，也可以作为实践性写作或写作应试指导教材的辅导用书。

    
在积累多年教学经验的基础上，根据*《大学英语课程要求》中培养目标和教学内容的要求，以及现阶段我国大学生在英语写作中所面临的瓶颈问题，我们编写了《地道英语写作教程(上、下册)》。

    
《地道英语写作教程(上)》(作者张清)是上册，主要介绍基础写作，包括部分和第二部分，共9个单元。部分为写作要素分析，内容包括单词、句式、标点、段落、修辞；第二部分为基本文体特点分析，内容包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文。

    
《地道英语写作教程(上)》理论和实朋(实践和应试)相结合，论述和丰富实例相结合。在中英对比的基础上，充分分析英语写作的特点：在详尽介绍写作要素和基本文体写作特点的基础上，进一步分析实践写作和应试写作的特点和注意事项。

    
本书可以作为大学英语的日常教学教材，也可以作为英语学习者应试的辅导用书，还可以作为广大英语爱好者或工作人员进行实践英语写作的参考材料。

Part I Basic Elements of English Writing
Unit One Words
 1.1 Meanings of a word
 1.1.1 Polysemy of words
 1.1.2 Extension of word meaning in different contexts
 1.2 Use words correctly
 1.2.1 The singular and plural forms of a special group of nouns
 1.2.2 Abstract nouns
 1.2.3 Collective nouns
 1.2.4 Idioms
 1.2.5 Synonyms
 1.2.6 Transitional words
 1.3 Use words precisely
 1.3.1 Distinguish among synonyms
 1.3.2 Distinguish between general words and specific words
 1.3.3 Distinguish the words similar in spelling
 1.3.4 Distinguish between formal and informal words
 1.3.5 Distinguish the emotional coloring
 1.4 Use words tersely
 Exercises
Unit Two Sentence Writing
 2.1 Comparison between Chinese and English sentence writing
 2.1.1 Synthesis vs analysis
 2.1.2 Comparison:subjective awareness vs objective awareness
 2.1.3 Comparison:straightforward vs periphrastic
 2.2 Principles for writing English sentences
 2.2.1 Know the basic sentence patterns of English
 2.2.2 Know the extension of English sentences
 2.2.3 Know the varieties of English sentences
 2.3 Improve qualities of English sentences
 2.3.1 Avoid redundant words
 2.3.2 Avoid cliche
 2.3.3 Construct precisely
 2.5.4 Have coherence
 2.3.5 Have good rhythm and beautiful pronunciation
 2.4 Avoid typical sentence errors
 2.4.1 Sentence fragments
 2.4.2 Choppy sentences
 2.4.3 Stringy sentences
 2.4.4 Disturbing inconsistency
 2.4.5 Incomplete constructions
 Exercises
Unit Three Punctuations
 3.1 General introduction
 3.1.1 Understanding punctuation
 3.1.2 Functions of punctuation
 3.2 Mistakes frequently made on punctuation
 3.2.1 Mistakes by misunderstanding
 3.2.2 Mistakes on punctuation resulting from grammatical confusion
 3.2.3 Other mistakes
 3.3 Different kinds of punctuation marks
 3.3.1 Comma
 3.3.2 Parenthesis
 3.3.3 Dash
 3.3.4 Colon
 3.3.5 Semicolon
 3.3.6 The ellipsis mark
 Exercises
Unit Four Paragraph Writing
 4.1 General introduction
 4.1.1 Definition
 4.1.2 Comparison analysis
 4.2 Components of a paragraph
 4.2.1 A topic sentence
 4.2.2 Supportin~ sentences
 4.2.3 The concluding sentence
 4.3 Paragraph development
 4.3.1 Development by listing
 4.3.2 Development by examples
 4.3.3 Development by definition
 4.3.4 Development by comparison and contrast
 4.3.5 Development by cause and effect
 4.3.6 Development by classification and division
 4.3.7 Development by process analysis
 4.3.8 Combined pattern of development
 4.4 Special paragraphs
 4.4.1 Introductory paragraphs
 4.4.2 Concluding paragraphs
 4.4.3 Transitional paragraphs or emphatic paragraphs
 4.4.4 Paragraphs in a conversation
 4.5 Build effective paragraphs
 4.5.1 Unity
 4.5.2 Coherence
 4.6 Tips to avoid ineffective paragraph writing
 4.6.1 Don't hesitate to show your main point in the first place
 4.6.2 Don't try to achieve coherence without using any
transitional means
 4.6.3 Don't use the subjective assumption to develop the paragraph
 Exercises
Unit Five Figures of Speech
 5.1 General introduction
 5.1.1 The definition of figures of speech
 5.1.2 The value of figures of speech
 5.1.3 The categories of figures of speech
 5.2 Lexical stylistic devices
 5.2.1 Analogy
 5.2.2 Simile
 5.2.3 Metaphor
 5.2.4 Personification
 5.2.5 Euphemism
 5.2.6 Pun
 5.2.7 Irony
 5.2.8 Hyperbole
 5.2.9 Oxymoron
 5.3 Syntactical stylistic deviees
 5.3.1 Parallelism
 5.3.2 Climax
 5.3.3 Enumeration
 5.3.4 Antithesis
 5.4 Phonetic stylistic devices
 5.4.1 Alliteration
 5.4.2 Assonance
 5.4.3 Consonance
 Exercises

Part II Essay Writing
Unit Six Narrative Writing
 6.1 General introduction
 6.1.1 Definition
 6.1.2 Modes of narration
 6.1.3 Characteristics of narration
 6.1.4 The basic pattern of narrative writing
 6.2 Constructing Process
 6.2.1 Abstract a theme
 6.2.2 Express the theme
 6.2.3 List an outline
 6.2.4 Select meaningful incidents and appropriate details
 6.2.5 Select appropriate relating structure and order
 6.2.6 Select a suitable perspective
 Exercises
Unit Seven Descriptive Essay Writing
 7.1 Genera] introduction
 7.1.1 Definition
 7.1.2 Modes of descriptive writing
 7.1.3 Structure of descriptive writing
 7.2 Constructing principles of descriptive essay
 7.2.1 Genera] introduction
 7.2.2 Principles of descriptive essay
 7.2.3 Build words and expressions
 7.3 Graph description
 7.3.1 Main types of graph writing
 7.3.2 Trend description
 Exercises
Unit Eight Expository Essay Writing
 8.1 General introduction
 8.2 Types of expository writing
 8.2.1 Process writing
 8.2.2 Comparison and contrast writing
 8.2.3 Cause and effect writing
 8.2.4 Definition writing
 8.2.5 Illustration writing
 8.2.6 Division and classification writing
 8.3 Language features in exposition writing
 Exercises
Unit Nine Argumentative Essay Writing
 9.1 General introduction
 9.1.1 Basic elements of an argumentation
 9.1.2 Basic structure of an argumentative essay
 9.2 Types of argumentation
 9.2.1 Fact-clarifying essay
 9.2.2 Position-taking essay
 9.2.3 Cause-analyzing essay
 9.2.4 Solution-proposing essay
 9.2.5 Film or book review
 9.3 Comparison between Chinese and English argumentative essay and
the negative transfers
 9.3.1 Indirectness vs directness
 9.3.2 Subjectivity vs objectivity
 9.3.3 Parataxis vs hypotaxis
 9.4 Useful expressions and sentence patterns
 Exercises
References