钢铁企业自备电厂机组配置优化、煤气系统优化调度

目  录

CONTENTS

1  绪  论································································································· 001

1.1 
我国钢铁企业煤气资源及回收利用···················································· 001

1.2 
钢铁企业富余煤气资源利用现状······················································· 006

1.3 
钢铁企业自备电厂现状及存在的问题················································ 010

1.4 
研究内容与创新点·········································································· 021

2 
钢铁企业自备电厂机组优化配置研究······················································ 025

2.1 
钢铁企业自备电厂煤气系统静态平衡分析·········································· 025

2.2 
自备电厂富余煤气量的统计学特性···················································· 027

2.3 
自备电厂机组配置优化模型····························································· 034

2.4 
本章小结······················································································· 047

3 
钢铁企业自备电厂煤气供入量预测研究··················································· 048

3.1 
自备电厂煤气供入量影响因素及模型选择·········································· 048

3.2 
ARMA时间序列预测建模································································ 051

3.3 
模型验证······················································································· 058

3.4 
本章小结······················································································· 066

4 
钢铁企业自备电厂煤气系统优化调度研究················································ 068

4.1 
自备电厂锅炉及燃料调节特点·························································· 068

4.2 
自备电厂煤气系统优化调度模型······················································· 070

4.3 
本章小结······················································································· 082

5 
模型应用····························································································· 083

5.1 
自备电厂机组配置优化模型在钢铁企业的应用··································· 083

5.2 
自备电厂煤气系统化优化调度模型在钢铁企业的应用·························· 095

5.3 
本章小结······················································································· 116

参考文献·································································································· 118

前  言

PREFACE

煤气是钢铁企业重要的二次能源，煤气发生量与消耗量之间的平衡程度对钢铁企业的生产成本和能源消耗影响极大。煤气系统不平衡源于两个方面：一方面是煤气系统的结构性不平衡，即静态不平衡；另一方面是煤气系统运行过程中的不平衡，即动态不平衡。实现煤气平衡的关键在于自备电厂的机组配置与动态调度。

我国钢铁企业一般是以高炉-转炉长流程为主，在任何时刻都要求煤气的发生量总是要大于需求量才能满足生产，所以煤气产耗是不平衡的，是动态富余的。由于煤气产生和消耗的连续性和不规律性，如果煤气系统缓冲用户没有充分发挥其作用，就会造成煤气的放散或不足。目前，我国钢铁企业煤气的平均放散率达到5.76%，而世界先进国家煤气平均放散率只有1%，差距十分明显，仅这一项差距就使得我国钢铁吨钢能耗增加5%。由此看来，富余煤气系统如何在自备电厂合理发挥其缓冲作用对整个钢铁企业节能降耗至关重要。由于钢铁企业煤气系统产生、消耗工艺复杂，造成煤气富余量变化频繁，使得对自备电厂煤气系统的预测和动态优化调度研究比较困难。毋庸置疑，运用数学模型结合富余煤气的自身特性对自备电厂煤气系统进行预测及调度，对发展钢铁生产、降低能源消耗和产品成本是一种强有力的手段和途径，具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。

作者长期从事钢铁企业、自备电厂煤气系统预测、优化调度等课题的研究，并跟踪国内外的研究动态。本书是作者多年研究的总结，同时也吸收了国内外的研究成果。本书综合考虑煤气放散和机组运行效率下降对整个煤气系统价值的影响，建立自备电厂机组配置优化模型；考虑到依靠人工经验无法对其煤气供入量进行准确预测，针对煤气供入量特性，建立自备电厂煤气供入量预测模型；在预测模型的基础上，从煤气系统全局出发，以总运行成本小为目标，考虑锅炉负荷波动频繁的特点，建立优化调度模型。为此，本书将所建模型应用于实际钢铁企业自备电厂，从系统和全局视角出发研讨钢铁企业自备电厂机组配置优化、煤气优化调度问题，丰富钢铁企业自备电厂煤气系统预测、优化、调度问题的研究方法，以期为钢铁企业自备电厂煤气系统提供理论与方法上的指导。

全书共5章内容。第1章介绍了钢铁企业自备电厂煤气系统预测、优化、调度问题理论与方法兴起的背景和基本研究内容；第2章在剖析钢铁企业富余煤气特性的基础上，综合应用数学建模、系统分析和统计学的相关理论知识，分析解决了钢铁企业自备电厂机组优化配置的问题；第3章科学地对自备电厂煤气供入量进行预测，使调度人员实时把握煤气资源的波动情况，并提前制定调度方案进行事前调度，对实现钢铁企业煤气系统静态平衡和动态平衡具有重要的意义；第4章建立了钢铁企业自备电厂煤气系统优化调度模型；第5章将本书的主要研究工作与取得的研究结论运用到钢铁企业自备电厂的实际案例。

本书的撰写得到了重庆市基础与前沿计划项目（cstc2016jcyjA0341）、重庆市*高校人文社会科学研究项目（规划项目）（16SKGH266）的资助。同时，本书还得到了大理大学王华校长和冶金节能减排*工程研究中心各位同仁的帮助和大力支持。也非常感谢重庆化工职业学院领导为本书做出的贡献。西南交通大学出版社对本书的出版给予了大力支持，在此一并表示感谢！

由于作者水平有限，本书难免有疏漏之处，恳请专家和读者对本书从内容到形式提出宝贵的意见和建议，以便修改完善。

孟  华   

2018年5月