描述
开 本: 16开纸 张: 胶版纸包 装: 平装是否套装: 否国际标准书号ISBN: 9787302356257
随着云计算/存储、大数据、物联网、移动互联网等新技术的推进，安防领域也有了翻天覆地的变化，本书**版创造了“安防领域**书”的口碑，4年过去，仍然保持火热销售态势，然而，如前所述，安防领域的技术有了很多革命性突破，为此，本书针对*前沿、*实用的新技术、新方案，并添加了作者*近4年积累的**案例，同时删除了一些过时的内容及案例，形成了这本《安防天下2》。无论从技术上、思维上还是高度上，都比本书上一版有了质的飞跃。希望能为本行业的读者提供实实在在的参考。
清华大学出版社
栾大成
本书是具有多年行业经验的安防专业人士呈现的“诚意之作”，其目的在于和行业朋友分享、交流、探讨“智能高清视频监控系统”的原理、应用、产品、技术发展趋势等。本书的内容涉及了模拟视频监控系统、编码压缩、DVR、DVS、IPC、NVR、视频分析、高清IP摄像机、视频传输、CMS、视频存储、解码显示、大屏幕、PSIM、物联网、云计算、大数据、数字高清摄像机、模拟高清摄像机、镜头等各个方面，并辅有大量的相关应用案例供读者参考，以期让读者更好地理解和应用。
本书共分19章，第1章是概述部分，第2章简单介绍了模拟电视监控系统，第3～7章分别介绍了编码压缩技术、DVR技术、DVS技术、NVR技术、IPC技术，第8章介绍了高清监控系统，第9章介绍了视频内容分析技术，第10章介绍了网络传输系统，第11章介绍了CMS技术，第12章介绍了存储系统，第13章介绍了解码显示，第14章介绍了智能网络视频监控系统实战应用，第15章是智能网络视频监控系统相关案例的介绍，第16章介绍了PSIM技术，第17章介绍了物联网相关技术，第18章介绍了云计算相关技术，第19章介绍了大数据相关技术及其与视频监控的结合应用。
本书适合初学者或者有一定行业经验的读者阅读，特别适合“弱电、安全防范、视频监控、物联网”相关从业人员作为入门及深入学习的参考。
第1章 视频监控技术概述················· 1
1.1 引子·························································· 2
1.1.1 安全防范的雏形······························· 2
1.1.2 网络视频监控··································· 2
1.1.3 智能视频识别··································· 2
1.1.4 智能网络视频监控··························· 3
1.1.5 高清视频监控··································· 3
1.1.6 云视频监控······································· 4
1.2 视频监控技术发展过程·························· 4
1.2.1 模拟视频监控时代··························· 5
1.2.2 数字视频监控时代··························· 7
1.2.3 智能网络视频监控时代··················· 8
1.2.4 高清视频监控时代··························· 9
1.3 视频监控的核心技术······························ 9
1.3.1 光学成像器件··································· 9
1.3.2 视频编码压缩算法··························· 10
1.3.3 视频编码压缩芯片··························· 10
1.3.4 视频管理平台··································· 11
1.4 视频监控的发展方向······························ 11
1.5 智能网络视频监控概念·························· 13
1.5.1 本书内容、范围说明······················· 13
1.5.2 本书术语、缩写说明······················· 13
1.5.3 本书内容拓扑结构图······················· 15
第2章 模拟视频监控系统················· 17
2.1 模拟监控系统的构成······························ 18
2.2 视频采集设备·········································· 19
2.2.1 摄像机相关技术······························· 19
2.2.2 镜头相关介绍··································· 24
2.2.3 防护罩··············································· 28
2.2.4 云台及解码器··································· 29
2.2.5 一体球型摄像机······························· 30
2.3 信号传输设备·········································· 33
2.3.1 视频信号的传输······························· 33
2.3.2 视频分配器······································· 35
2.3.3 控制信号的传输······························· 35
2.3.4 系统供电··········································· 35
2.4 矩阵控制设备·········································· 36
2.4.1 矩阵工作原理··································· 36
2.4.2 矩阵的主要功能······························· 37
2.4.3
PTZ控制原理··································· 38
2.4.4 控制键盘介绍··································· 38
2.5 显示与录像设备······································ 39
2.5.1 多画面处理器··································· 39
2.5.2 图像显示设备··································· 41
2.5.3 长延时录像机··································· 42
2.6 夜视技术及应用······································ 42
2.6.1 主动红外摄像机······························· 42
2.6.2 激光夜视技术··································· 44
2.6.3 被动红外夜视··································· 45
2.6.4 透雾摄像机······································· 46
2.7 闭路电视监控系统设计·························· 47
2.7.1 系统需求分析··································· 47
2.7.2 摄像机的选型··································· 49
2.7.3 镜头的选型······································· 51
2.7.4 矩阵的选型······································· 51
2.8 本章小结·················································· 52
第3章 视频编码压缩技术················· 53
3.1 多媒体技术基础······································ 54
3.1.1 图像的色彩模型······························· 54
3.1.2 图像的色彩空间变换······················· 57
3.1.3 图像的基本属性······························· 58
3.1.4 图像的格式与质量··························· 59
3.1.5 数据压缩方法··································· 60
3.2 静态图像压缩技术·································· 64
3.2.1 色相变换过程··································· 65
3.2.2 区块切割与采样······························· 66
3.2.3 离散余弦(DCT)变换························· 68
3.2.4 量化过程介绍··································· 69
3.2.5 Z字形编码过程································ 71
3.2.6 DC系数及AC系数编码················· 72
3.2.7 熵编码介绍······································· 73
3.2.8 JPEG数据流介绍····························· 73
3.2.9 JPEG解压缩过程····························· 73
3.3 视频(动态图像)编码压缩······················· 74
3.3.1 视频压缩的必要性··························· 74
3.3.2 视频压缩的可行性··························· 75
3.3.3 图像格式说明··································· 75
3.3.4 逐行扫描与隔行扫描······················· 79
3.3.5 帧率、码流与分辨率······················· 80
3.3.6 视频编码模型··································· 81
3.3.7 运动补偿技术介绍··························· 82
3.4 主流视频编码技术·································· 83
3.4.1 MJPEG编码压缩····························· 84
3.4.2 MPEG-1技术介绍···························· 85
3.4.3 MPEG-2技术介绍···························· 90
3.4.4 MPEG-4技术介绍···························· 91
3.4.5 H.264技术说明································ 96
3.4.6 H.265编码技术································ 98
3.4.7 视频编解码技术应用······················· 103
3.5 本章小结·················································· 105
第4章 硬盘录像机(DVR)技术············ 107
4.1 DVR产品介绍········································ 108
4.1.1 DVR发展历史·································· 108
4.1.2 DVR工作原理·································· 109
4.1.3 软压缩与硬压缩······························· 110
4.1.4 DVR芯片介绍·································· 111
4.1.5 DVR的录像文件管理······················ 113
4.1.6 DVR配置及接口······························ 114
4.1.7 DVR的关键技术······························ 117
4.1.8 DVR术语介绍·································· 118
4.2 DVR软硬件构成···································· 119
4.2.1 嵌入式DVR······································ 119
4.2.2
PC式DVR········································ 122
4.2.3 嵌入式对比PC式DVR··················· 123
4.3 DVR应用软件功能································ 125
4.3.1 设备配置及管理······························· 126
4.3.2 录像管理··········································· 126
4.3.3 报警管理··········································· 127
4.3.4 视频存储与备份······························· 127
4.3.5 视频浏览与回放······························· 128
4.3.6 设备网管维护··································· 129
4.3.7 用户的管理······································· 129
4.3.8 用户操作日志审计··························· 130
4.4 DVR的应用架构···································· 130
4.4.1 单机工作模式··································· 130
4.4.2 模数混合架构··································· 131
4.4.3 多机联网模式··································· 132
4.5 DVR的亮点功能···································· 136
4.5.1 DVR的多码流技术·························· 136
4.5.2 视频分析技术应用··························· 138
4.5.3 混合DVR技术································· 139
4.5.4 智能检索与回放······························· 140
4.5.5 场景重组技术··································· 141
4.5.6 视频加密技术··································· 142
4.6 DVR产品选型········································ 142
4.7 DVR的常见故障···································· 145
4.7.1
PC式DVR的常见故障··················· 145
4.7.2 嵌入式DVR的常见故障················· 145
4.8 DVR应用案例········································ 146
4.8.1 DVR带宽设计·································· 146
4.8.2 DVR存储设计·································· 148
4.9 DVR设置与操作···································· 148
4.9.1 DVR的系统设置······························ 149
4.9.2 DVR的应用操作······························ 153
4.10 DVR的远程访问·································· 155
4.10.1 流媒体服务····································· 156
4.10.2 DVR的公网配置···························· 158
4.10.3 DVR的转码应用···························· 161
4.11 本章小结················································ 162
第5章 视频编码器技术···················· 163
5.1 DVS产品介绍········································· 164
5.1.1 DVS发展历程·································· 164
5.1.2 DVS对比DVR································ 165
5.1.3 DVS的工作原理······························ 166
5.2 DVS产品软硬件构成····························· 168
5.2.1 DVS硬件构成·································· 168
5.2.2 DVS软件构成·································· 169
5.3 DVS系统应用架构································· 172
5.3.1 矩阵+DVS混合架构························ 172
5.3.2 DVS+NVR架构······························· 173
5.4 DVS的亮点功能····································· 174
5.4.1 DVS的ANR技术··························· 174
5.4.2 DVS冗余技术·································· 176
5.4.3 DVS的多码流技术·························· 177
5.4.4 DVS的PoE技术····························· 178
5.4.5 DVS的音频功能······························ 179
5.4.6 DVS组播应用·································· 180
5.4.7 带视频分析功能的DVS·················· 181
5.5 DVS产品选型········································· 182
5.5.1 DVS的主要参数······························ 182
5.5.2 DVS产品的架构······························ 182
5.5.3 编码压缩方式··································· 182
5.5.4 视频分析功能··································· 183
5.5.5 各类接口资源··································· 183
5.5.6 标准化与开放性······························· 184
5.5.7 设备的稳定性··································· 184
5.6 DVS的集成整合····································· 185
5.6.1 DVS的SDK集成···························· 185
5.6.2 DVS的SDK功能···························· 186
5.7 DVS设置与应用····································· 187
5.7.1 DVS工作流程·································· 187
5.7.2 DVS码流分析·································· 188
5.7.3 DVS主要参数说明·························· 189
5.7.4 DVS配置过程·································· 190
5.8 SDI-DVS产品介绍································· 192
5.9 DVS常见故障及公网接入····················· 193
5.10 本章小结················································ 194
第6章 网络录像机(NVR)技术············ 195
6.1 NVR产品介绍········································ 196
6.1.1 NVR的功能角色······························ 196
6.1.2 NVR的功能模块······························ 197
6.1.3 NVR对比DVR································ 198
6.1.4
PC式与嵌入式NVR························ 200
6.2 NVR的技术指标···································· 202
6.2.1 NVR的平台需求······························ 202
6.2.2 NVR的瓶颈分析······························ 203
6.2.3 NVR的软件功能······························ 205
6.2.4 NVR的兼容性·································· 212
6.3 NVR产品亮点功能································ 212
6.3.1 视频中间件技术应用······················· 212
6.3.2
ANR技术·········································· 214
6.3.3 NVR冗余技术·································· 215
6.3.4 视频标签功能··································· 216
6.3.5 带视频分析功能的NVR·················· 216
6.3.6 软件的进程隔离技术······················· 216
6.3.7 软件定制化设计······························· 217
6.4 NVR产品选型要点································ 217
6.4.1 NVR典型参数·································· 217
6.4.2 NVR产品选型·································· 217
6.5 NVR应用案例分析································ 219
6.5.1 需求分析··········································· 219
6.5.2 网络带宽设计··································· 221
6.5.3 NVR存储设计·································· 222
6.6 NVR的ONVIF接入······························ 223
6.7 本章小结·················································· 225
第7章 网络摄像机(IPC)技术············ 227
7.1 IPC产品介绍··········································· 228
7.1.1 IPC的定义········································ 228
7.1.2 IPC的主要功能································ 229
7.1.3 IPC的分类········································ 230
7.1.4 IPC的优势········································ 231
7.1.5 IPC的常用术语介绍························ 234
7.2 IPC的组成及工作原理··························· 235
7.2.1 IPC的硬件构成································ 235
7.2.2 IPC的软件构成································ 238
7.2.3 IPC的工作原理································ 239
7.3 IPC数据的网络传输······························· 239
7.3.1 网络传输协议介绍··························· 240
7.3.2 视音频流的传输······························· 241
7.3.3 控制信号的传输······························· 242
7.4 IPC的核心技术······································· 242
7.4.1 光学成像技术··································· 243
7.4.2 视频编码算法··································· 243
7.4.3 编码压缩芯片··································· 244
7.4.4 视频分析技术··································· 244
7.5 IPC的亮点功能······································· 246
7.5.1 IPC的3G/4G功能··························· 246
7.5.2
PoE技术············································ 247
7.5.3 本地缓存功能··································· 248
7.5.4 DDNS支持······································· 248
7.5.5 IPC的安全通信································ 249
7.5.6 报警改变帧率技术··························· 250
7.5.7 IPC的多码流技术···························· 251
7.5.8 视频质量控制QoS··························· 252
7.5.9 视频移动探测··································· 253
7.6 IPC的选型要点······································· 253
7.6.1 IPC的主要参数································ 253
7.6.2 图像质量··········································· 253
7.6.3 网络适应性······································· 254
7.6.4 编码压缩算法··································· 254
7.6.5 系统安装与升级······························· 254
7.6.6 产品许可授权方式··························· 255
7.6.7 二次开发与集成······························· 255
7.6.8 厂商产品线考察······························· 255
7.7 IPC的应用设计······································· 256
7.7.1 需求分析··········································· 256
7.7.2 系统架构··········································· 258
7.7.3 带宽与存储设计······························· 258
7.7.4 系统的主要功能······························· 259
7.8 IPC的参数设置······································· 260
7.8.1 设置前的准备工作··························· 260
7.8.2 IP地址设置······································· 261
7.8.3 视频流参数······································· 262
7.8.4 摄像机图像参数设置······················· 263
7.8.5 事件参数设置··································· 264
7.8.6 系统设备维护功能··························· 265
7.9 本章小结·················································· 266
第8章 高清视频监控技术················· 267
8.1 高清监控概述·········································· 268
8.1.1 高清监控目前格局··························· 268
8.1.2 IP高清与HD-SDI对比··················· 269
8.2 960H高清技术········································ 271
8.2.1 EFFIO方案介绍······························· 272
8.2.2 960H高清的优势····························· 272
8.3 HDCVI高清技术···································· 273
8.3.1 HDCVI技术说明····························· 273
8.3.2 HDCVI摄像机方案························· 274
8.3.3 HDCVI高清与其他技术对比········· 275
8.3.4 HDCVI高清应用····························· 275
8.4 HD-SDI高清技术··································· 276
8.4.1 SDI标准说明···································· 276
8.4.2 HD-SDI系统原理···························· 277
8.4.3 HD-CCTV标准介绍························ 278
8.4.4 HD-CCTV技术优势························ 279
8.4.5 HD-CCTV设备································ 279
8.4.6 HD-CCTV系统架构························ 282
8.4.7 HD-CCTV应用注意事项················ 283
8.5 IP高清技术············································· 284
8.5.1 高清电视(HDTV)标准····················· 284
8.5.2 高清IPC的概念······························· 285
8.5.3 高清IPC的优势······························· 286
8.6 高清IPC的关键技术······························ 291
8.6.1 高清配套镜头··································· 291
8.6.2 图像传感器······································· 291
8.6.3 图像灵敏度问题······························· 291
8.6.4 编码压缩算法··································· 292
8.6.5 高清信号传输··································· 292
8.6.6 视频管理平台支持··························· 292
8.6.7 高清信号显示··································· 293
8.7 高清IPC的亮点功能······························ 293
8.7.1 日夜监视功能··································· 293
8.7.2 宽动态范围(WDR)··························· 293
8.7.3 摄像机的“走廊模式”························ 294
8.7.4 觅光者技术······································· 294
8.8 高清IPC的障碍······································ 295
8.8.1 高带宽占用······································· 295
8.8.2 海量存储问题··································· 295
8.8.3 高成本问题······································· 295
8.9 高清IPC的应用······································ 296
8.9.1 需求分析··········································· 296
8.9.2 像素密度··········································· 296
8.9.3 摄像机选型······································· 301
8.9.4 系统架构说明··································· 302
8.9.5 视频传输与存储······························· 303
8.10 高清IPC的设置···································· 303
8.11 高清镜头················································ 308
8.11.1 高清镜头的重要性························· 308
8.11.2 镜头的像差与色差························· 309
8.11.3 镜头MTF曲线说明······················· 313
8.11.4 日夜镜头技术································· 317
8.11.5 非球面镜头技术····························· 318
8.11.6 镜头镀膜技术································· 318
8.11.7 高清镜头的选用····························· 319
8.11.8 镜头的关键指标说明····················· 320
8.12 本章小结················································ 321
第9章 视频内容分析(VCA)技术········ 323
9.1 视频分析技术说明·································· 324
9.1.1 视频内容分析技术背景··················· 324
9.1.2 视频分析实现的功能······················· 325
9.1.3 视频数据结构介绍··························· 327
9.2 VMD技术介绍······································· 329
9.2.1 VMD技术原理介绍························· 329
9.2.2 VMD技术的缺陷····························· 329
9.3 VCA技术介绍········································ 330
9.3.1 VCA技术的原理······························ 330
9.3.2 VCA技术的突破······························ 330
9.3.3 VCA的关键技术······························ 332
9.4 视频分析工作机制·································· 333
9.4.1 视频分析软件框架··························· 333
9.4.2 视频分析的工作流··························· 334
9.4.3 视频分析算法模块··························· 335
9.4.4 视频分析过程··································· 337
9.5 视频分析技术难点·································· 340
9.5.1 环境因素··········································· 340
9.5.2 视频场景相关因素··························· 340
9.5.3 平台及芯片的限制··························· 341
9.5.4 成像因素··········································· 342
9.6 视频分析系统架构·································· 343
9.6.1 前端独立单元··································· 343
9.6.2 后端服务器方式······························· 344
9.6.3 智能DVS或IPC······························ 345
9.6.4 前后端混合架构······························· 346
9.6.5 目前的架构情况······························· 347
9.7 视频分析的主要应用······························ 348
9.7.1 安全类应用······································· 348
9.7.2 非安全类应用··································· 352
9.7.3 视频诊断技术··································· 354
9.7.4 特色功能介绍··································· 357
9.8 视频分析软件及设置······························ 359
9.8.1 视频分析设置程序··························· 359
9.8.2 VCA设置过程举例·························· 360
9.9 视频分析技术实施·································· 363
9.9.1 视频分析实施流程··························· 363
9.9.2 摄像机部署要点······························· 364
9.9.3 VCA效果评定·································· 364
9.10 视频分析产品选型································ 365
9.10.1 算法实现方式································· 366
9.10.2 系统架构········································· 366
9.10.3 集成性与易用性····························· 366
9.11 视频摘要与检索···································· 367
9.11.1 需求背景········································· 367
9.11.2 视频摘要技术································· 368
9.11.3 视频检索应用································· 371
9.12 本章小结················································ 373
第10章 网络视频传输与交换············ 375
10.1 网络视频监控系统的特点···················· 376
10.1.1 网络视频监控系统的结构············· 376
10.1.2 MPEG-4技术说明·························· 377
10.1.3 系统中的视频传输························· 378
10.2 网络传输协议介绍································ 378
10.2.1 OSI模型介绍·································· 378
10.2.2 传输层介绍····································· 382
10.2.3 TCP与UDP协议··························· 384
10.2.4 RTP与RTCP协议·························· 387
10.2.5 RTSP与RTVP简介······················· 389
10.2.6 网管协议SNMP····························· 390
10.3 视频监控系统的数据传输···················· 390
10.3.1 网络视频监控数据流····················· 390
10.3.2 视频流的编码································· 392
10.3.3 RTP打包过程································· 392
10.3.4 视频流封装过程····························· 393
10.3.5 视频封装格式································· 393
10.3.6 视频传输过程································· 394
10.3.7 网络性能参数说明························· 394
10.4 组播技术介绍········································ 397
10.4.1 单播、组播与广播························· 397
10.4.2 组播在视频监控中的应用············· 400
10.5 流媒体技术在视频监控中的应用········ 402
10.5.1 视频监控系统需求分析················· 402
10.5.2 流媒体概念····································· 403
10.5.3 流媒体在视频监控中的应用········· 405
10.6 SIP协议介绍········································· 406
10.6.1 信道分离技术································· 406
10.6.2 SIP架构下的数据传输·················· 407
10.7 交换机相关技术···································· 409
10.7.1 交换机主要参数····························· 409
10.7.2 监控系统网络拓扑························· 411
10.7.3 前端设备接入································· 412
10.7.4 监控系统网络规划························· 414
10.8 无线相关技术········································ 419
10.9 EPON技术············································ 422
10.9.1 EPON概念······································ 422
10.9.2 基于EPON的视频传输················· 425
10.10 视频互联互通······································ 426
10.10.1 视频互联互通的意义··················· 426
10.10.2 视频互联互通的方式··················· 426
10.10.3 ONVIF及PSIA介绍··················· 426
10.11 本章小结·············································· 428
第11章 中央管理软件(CMS)············· 429
11.1 CMS介绍·············································· 430
11.1.1 CMS的定义···································· 430
11.1.2 CMS的发展历程···························· 431
11.1.3 CMS的发展方向···························· 437
11.2 CMS的原理及组成······························ 439
11.2.1 CMS的结构···································· 439
11.2.2 CMS的组成···································· 439
11.2.3 CMS的工作流程···························· 449
11.3 CMS的主流架构·································· 452
11.3.1 完全集中型····································· 452
11.3.2 完全分散型····································· 453
11.3.3 多级CMS架构······························· 454
11.4 CMS的客户软件功能·························· 454
11.4.1 设备管理模块································· 455
11.4.2 视频操作模块································· 457
11.4.3 事件调查与用户审计····················· 463
11.4.4 报警管理功能································· 464
11.4.5 系统诊断与维护····························· 465
11.4.6 用户权限管理································· 466
11.5 CMS的增强功能·································· 468
11.5.1 CMS服务器冗余···························· 468
11.5.2 冗余NVR机制······························· 471
11.5.3 网络冗余机制································· 471
11.5.4 安全登录功能································· 472
11.6 CMS的特色功能·································· 472
11.6.1 智能回放检索技术························· 472
11.6.2 多路图像拼接································· 474
11.6.3 应急预案功能································· 475
11.6.4 视频时间链表································· 476
11.6.5 视频编辑器····································· 477
11.6.6 模糊索引功能································· 477
11.7 CMS平台的考核·································· 477
11.7.1 平台稳定性····································· 477
11.7.2 系统可扩展性································· 478
11.7.3 系统兼容性····································· 478
11.7.4 系统升级········································· 479
11.7.5 系统安全性····································· 479
11.7.6 CMS的维护···································· 480
11.7.7 系统容量支持································· 480
11.7.8 系统管理及维护····························· 484
11.7.9 良好的人机界面····························· 485
11.8 视频监控系统的集成···························· 486
11.8.1 系统集成的意义····························· 486
11.8.2 硬件集成方式································· 486
11.8.3 SDK方式集成································ 487
11.8.4 视频转码技术介绍························· 491
11.9 相关标准················································ 492
11.9.1 ONVIF规范···································· 493
11.9.2 GB/T28181标准····························· 496
11.10 本章小结·············································· 498
第12章 视频监控系统存储应用········ 499
12.1 存储基础知识········································ 500
12.1.1 计算机I/O技术······························ 500
12.1.2 磁盘结构与原理····························· 501
12.1.3 硬盘接口技术································· 504
12.1.4 磁盘阵列技术································· 507
12.1.5 磁盘IOPS及带宽·························· 509
12.1.6 磁盘的性能测试····························· 510
12.2 RAID技术介绍····································· 513
12.2.1 RAID技术基础······························ 513
12.2.2 RAID0技术介绍···························· 517
12.2.3 RAID1技术介绍···························· 519
12.2.4 RAID2技术介绍···························· 520
12.2.5 RAID3技术介绍···························· 520
12.2.6 RAID4技术介绍···························· 521
12.2.7 RAID5技术介绍···························· 522
12.2.8 RAID技术的比较·························· 523
12.3 DAS、NAS和SAN····························· 523
12.3.1 存储系统架构的发展····················· 523
12.3.2 DAS技术········································ 525
12.3.3 NAS技术········································ 527
12.3.4 SAN技术········································ 530
12.3.5 iSCSI技术······································· 532
12.3.6 存储架构比较································· 534
12.4 视频监控中的存储应用························ 537
12.4.1 视频监控存储特点························· 537
12.4.2 视频监控存储需求························· 540
12.4.3 视频存储的瓶颈说明····················· 544
12.4.4 视频存储的主要架构····················· 546
12.4.5 视频数据归档备份························· 552
12.4.6 视频存储设计部署························· 554
12.4.7 视频存储应用案例一····················· 556
12.4.8 视频存储应用案例二····················· 558
12.5 视频存储系统的扩容···························· 560
12.5.1 DVR系统存储扩容························ 560
12.5.2 NVR系统存储扩容························ 561
12.5.3 存储扩展注意事项························· 561
12.6 云存储应用············································ 561
12.6.1 云存储的概念································· 562
12.6.2 云存储的发展基础························· 563
12.6.3 云存储系统的结构模型················· 563
12.6.4 视频云存储的关键技术················· 564
12.6.5 平安城市视频云存储的探索········· 565
12.6.6 EMC虚拟化安防解决方案············ 567
12.7 本章小结················································ 569
第13章 视频解码与图像显示·········· 571
13.1 监视器···················································· 572
13.1.1 监视器的分类································· 572
13.1.2 CRT与LCD监视器······················· 573
13.2 视频解码器············································ 573
13.2.1 硬解码器········································· 573
13.2.2 软解码器········································· 574
13.2.3 万能解码器····································· 575
13.2.4 解码器的考核点····························· 575
13.3 控制中心应用········································ 576
13.3.1 系统架构配置································· 577
13.3.2 控制室操作应用····························· 578
13.4 大屏幕拼接技术···································· 580
13.4.1 大屏幕拼接系统构成····················· 581
13.4.2 DLP大屏幕系统····························· 582
13.4.3 LCD大屏幕系统···························· 584
13.4.4 拼接技术比较································· 585
13.5 本章小结················································ 586
第14章 智能网络高清视频系统实战 587
14.1 智能网络高清视频系统设计················ 588
14.1.1 知识点回顾····································· 588
14.1.2 系统架构设计································· 591
14.1.3 系统稳定性考虑····························· 593
14.2 智能网络视频系统选型························ 594
14.2.1 视频编码系统································· 594
14.2.2 平台系统考核································· 595
14.2.3 视频内容分析系统························· 595
14.2.4 网络系统设计································· 596
14.2.5 存储系统设计································· 596
14.3 系统应用设计模拟(一)························· 597
14.3.1 项目需求分析································· 597
14.3.2 系统设计响应结论························· 599
14.4 系统应用设计模拟(二)························· 601
14.4.1 总体说明········································· 601
14.4.2 系统架构········································· 602
14.5 本章小结················································ 607
第15章 高清监控的行业的应用········ 609
15.1 高铁智能网络视频监控系统················ 610
15.1.1 高铁项目简介································· 610
15.1.2 高铁视频监控系统的特点············· 610
15.1.3 高铁视频监控系统层次················· 611
15.1.4 高铁视频监控系统拓扑················· 613
15.1.5 高铁视频监控关键因素················· 614
15.1.6 视频分析技术的应用····················· 615
15.1.7 视频监控存储的考虑····················· 617
15.1.8 铁路视频监控的平台软件············· 617
15.2 机场智能网络视频监控应用················ 618
15.2.1 机场视频监控系统的特点············· 618
15.2.2 机场视频监控系统的架构············· 618
15.2.3 智能网络视频监控构成················· 621
15.2.4 视频监控系统关键因素················· 622
15.2.5 视频分析技术在机场的应用········· 623
15.2.6 机场视频监控系统的存储············· 623
15.2.7 机场视频监控的平台软件············· 624
15.3 平安城市视频监控系统应用················ 625
15.3.1 平安城市简介································· 625
15.3.2 平安城市视频监控的特点············· 626
15.3.3 平安城市监控主流架构················· 627
15.3.4 全球眼监控平台介绍····················· 630
15.3.5 某平安城市应用案例····················· 638
15.4 高速公路网络视频监控应用················ 642
15.4.1 需求分析········································· 643
15.4.2 系统构成········································· 644
15.5 金融联网视频监控应用························ 649
15.5.1 需求分析········································· 649
15.5.2 系统架构········································· 649
15.5.3 系统功能········································· 651
15.6 本章小结················································ 651
第16章 物理安全信息管理（PSIM）
系统···································· 653
16.1 安防系统的集成需求···························· 654
16.1.1 安防系统集成的联动····················· 655
16.1.2 安防系统集成的方式····················· 656
16.2 IBMS系统············································· 660
16.3 物理安防信息管理(PSIM)系统············ 661
16.3.1 安防集成发展瓶颈························· 661
16.3.2 PSIM概念的提出··························· 662
16.3.3 SAS、IBMS及PSIM对比··········· 663
16.4 PSIM系统的七大特征························· 664
16.4.1 连接性和集成度····························· 665
16.4.2 实时政策及配置管理····················· 665
16.4.3 关联和验证····································· 665
16.4.4 可视化············································· 665
16.4.5 基于规则的工作流以响应事件····· 665
16.4.6 稳定性和冗余性····························· 666
16.4.7 事后报告和分析····························· 666
16.5 PSIM的价值体现································· 666
16.5.1 人员方面········································· 666
16.5.2 技术方面········································· 667
16.5.3 标准作业程序（SOP）方面·········· 667
16.6 PSIM系统的架构································· 668
16.6.1 数据采集及汇聚层························· 669
16.6.2 数据分析及关联层························· 669
16.6.3 信息展现及应用层························· 670
16.7 PSIM系统的核心功能························· 671
16.7.1 多系统集成功能····························· 671
16.7.2 预案功能········································· 672
16.7.3 平台指挥调度功能························· 673
16.8 PSIM的应用描述································· 674
16.9 PSIM的应用案例································· 675
16.9.1 PSIM的机场应用··························· 675
16.9.2 PSIM的车牌识别··························· 676
16.10 本章小结·············································· 677
第17章 物联网与安防监控··············· 679
17.1 物联网的基本概念································ 680
17.1.1 物联网的三大特征························· 680
17.1.2 物联网的技术架构························· 681
17.1.3 物联网的关键技术························· 683
17.1.4 物联网的几大问题························· 685
17.1.5 物联网的产业应用························· 686
17.2 物联网与建筑智能化···························· 687
17.2.1 建筑智能化构成····························· 688
17.2.2 楼宇自动化····································· 689
17.2.3 门禁控制系统································· 690
17.2.4 物联网与智能建筑························· 692
17.3 [案例]物联网与机场周界入侵系统····· 693
17.3.1 机场周界防范需求························· 693
17.3.2 主流周界探测技术························· 694
17.3.3 视频复核及跟踪····························· 696
17.3.4 保安响应及配置····························· 696
17.3.5 物联网机场周界防入侵系统········· 696
17.4 视觉物联网概念及应用························ 701
17.4.1 视频监控发展历程························· 701
17.4.2 视觉物联网概念····························· 702
17.4.3 视觉物联网架构····························· 702
17.4.4 视觉物联网应用领域····················· 703
17.4.5 视觉物联网在机场周界的应用····· 708
17.5 本章小结················································ 709
第18章 云计算与视频监控··············· 711
18.1 云计算···················································· 712
18.1.1 如何理解“云计算”·························· 712
18.1.2 云计算的定义································· 713
18.1.3 云计算VS传统IT方式················ 714
18.2 云计算的架构及特征···························· 714
18.2.1 云计算的架构································· 714
18.2.2 云计算的特征································· 716
18.3 虚拟化技术············································ 716
18.3.1 服务器虚拟化································· 717
18.3.2 VMware虚拟化技术······················ 718
18.3.3 服务器虚拟化的关键特性············· 720
18.3.4 服务器虚拟化的优势····················· 721
18.4 云计算体系架构···································· 722
18.5 云计算的障碍········································ 724
18.5.1 信息安全性····································· 724
18.5.2 数据交互安全································· 724
18.5.3 宕机问题········································· 725
18.5.4 云服务商的绑定问题····················· 725
18.6 云计算在视频监控的应用···················· 725
18.6.1 云视频监控系统····························· 726
18.6.2 云视频监控系统架构····················· 727
18.6.3 云视频监控的优势························· 729
18.6.4 云视频监控的障碍························· 730
18.7 云视频监控厂商生态···························· 730
18.8 云计算平台下的平安城市应用············ 732
18.9 国内外云视频监控应用案例················ 734
18.9.1 Trafficland交通监控······················· 734
18.9.2 Iveda Solutions································· 735
18.9.3 海康威视平安城市应用················· 736
18.10 本章小结·············································· 737
第19章 大数据与视频监控··············· 739
19.1 大数据概述············································ 740
19.1.1 大数据的背景································· 740
19.1.2 大数据的定义································· 740
19.2 大数据相关技术···································· 741
19.2.1 非结构化数据································· 742
19.2.2 NoSQL数据库································ 743
19.2.3 并行处理技术································· 744
19.2.4 数据挖掘与分析····························· 744
19.2.5 云计算技术····································· 745
19.3 Hadoop··················································· 746
19.3.1 Google的启发································· 746
19.3.2 Hadoop概述···································· 747
19.3.3 Hadoop的基本架构························ 748
19.3.4 HDFS··············································· 750
19.3.5 MapReduce······································ 755
19.3.6 HBase··············································· 761
19.3.7 Zookeeper········································· 761
19.3.8 Hive·················································· 762
19.4 大数据的应用········································ 762
19.4.1 大数据的价值································· 762
19.4.2 大数据的行业应用························· 763
19.4.3 大数据应用挑战····························· 764
19.5 大数据与云计算···································· 765
19.6 大数据与视频监控································ 765
19.6.1 高清视频监控目前存在的问题····· 765
19.6.2 大数据视频监控优势····················· 766
19.6.3 面向大数据的视频监控系统········· 767
19.7 大数据的监控应用································ 768
19.7.1 基于云计算的视频监控架构········· 768
19.7.2 基于Hadoop的视频云存储··········· 769
19.7.3 基于Hadoop的视频分析··············· 772
19.7.4 基于Hadoop的视频转码··············· 777
19.8 本章小结················································ 778
附录：FAQ··········································· 779
参考文献············································· 783
读者反馈
1. 这本书陪伴我走过了公司的第一个月的实习，读了它，跟其他新同事交流，你会很有优越感的！
2. 这本书是安防行业很实用的一本入门书，很多同事都有！内容很实用，作者是针对实践而写的！
3. 看得出作者写此书还是用了些功夫的，众所周知，技术流的书难写也难读，让技术水平不同层次的读者多少都有所得，这本书应该做到了！
4. 这本书很好地解释了视频监控上的各种概念，为我们进一步了解智能化视频监控提供了一个很好的渠道，还融合了*的设计理念，真的不错！
5. 这个书很不错，能够让你快速熟悉安防行业，了解这个行业的组成，能够清晰认识到安防监控的架构，让工作过程中的思路更加清晰！
6. 这是安防监控业界难得的专业技术好书，涵盖了所有监控、网络、存储等专业IT技术，是一本非常好的书，感谢作者！
7. 公司推荐让看的，才看了一些，个人觉得相当不错，难怪同行很多人都称赞这部书。刚入门的安防新人一定要看看，研究一下，作者讲解得非常细致，把目前国内主流安防系统都描述了，包括*的智能视频分析技术。总之，是本值得一阅的书。
8. 我第一次购买了5本作为公司教科书，员工反映非常不错，想人人都有一本，大家感觉这本书非常专业、细致，特别适合安防从业人员学习、培训使用。我估计3年内再也不会有这么专业的书籍出现！赞一个！
9. 书里讲解的内容容易理解，每一个知识点不单纯从技术角度讲解，而是从应用角度，所以很受用，希望作者多多发表这样的作品。
10. 很不错，初学者和半桶水的人都可以买来看，值得学习参考，适合搞安防监控的各位同学。
11. 支持经过多年实践后写出来的作品，要比那些靠网页和抄标准规范的人强得多，就算有错误，也是这个行业进步的过程！
12. 作者的文笔很不错！特别是提示的比喻注重照顾那些不是专业的读者。
13. 内容全面，把视频监控的现状和发展方向基本点到位了。相当不错的入门书籍，把行业里的主流厂家都覆盖得差不多了。我说的入门就是想入这一行，做视频监控、安全监控来说的。
14. 这书写得还真不错、条理清楚、深入浅出、值得推荐！
15. 安防领域的书非常少，这本很不错，介绍得很全面！
16. 市面上为数不多的比较有质量的一本智能视频监控技术方面的参考书，挺不错。
17. 该书内容丰富全面，虽部分知识点无法做到非常深入，但作为全面了解视频监控系统，该书很好。
18. 个人觉得相当不错，难怪同行很多人都称赞这部书。刚入门的安防新人一定要研究一下，作者讲解得非常细致，是本值得一阅的书。
19. 很专业，也有各大品牌的产品介绍，很实际，符合市场。专业知识也介绍很详细，是监控人士必备的书籍，我正在慢慢研读。
20. 内容较详细，是积累行业背景的务实图书，是新加入安防行业的启蒙书，对已在安防行业的人，是一个总结。
21. 很实用，不和其他书一样教给你大量的概念，那样没用，有图有说明，案例丰富，很好！
22. 此书是行业内近几年难得的好书！首先此书涵盖了网络视频监控的主流技术及产品，深入浅出，语言通俗易懂；其次，大量的图片覆盖了各个不同知识点，便于理解；再次，有很多典型案例供读者参考和深入理解。难怪成为行业首推的参考书！
源自本书第一版网络书店3000+真实评价（针对出版规范，文字略有调整）
15.1 高铁智能网络视频监控系统
15.1.1
高铁项目简介
首先看看关于“高铁”的定义。国际通常将高速铁路定义在时速200公里以上，我国的高铁，即CRH(China
Railway High-speed)，时速也定义在200公里以上。另外，我国又增加了“客运专线”的等级，客运专线是以客运为主的快速铁路，时速为200~350km/h。
高速铁路不同于一般的铁路系统，是一个系统化、集成化的大型工程，仅通信部门就涉及到10多个子系统，包括有线、数据、传输、调度、应急通信、视频监控等。高铁与普通铁路或地铁区别很大，例如地铁通常时速在60公里左右，列车间隔在3分钟左右，而高铁时速可能达到300公里，但时间间隔可能与地铁差不多，这就对高铁的通信指挥系统提出了更高的要求，同时，作为一个重要的辅助设施，对视频监控系统的相关要求也非常高。
15.1.2 高铁视频监控系统的特点
高铁的视频监控系统，要求采用先进的视频监控技术，基于铁路系统的IP网络，构建数字化、智能化、分布式的网络视频监控系统，满足公安、安监、客运、调度、车务、机务、工务、电务、车辆、供电等业务部门及防灾监控、救援抢险和应急管理等多种需求，实现视频网络资源和信息资源共享。
高铁的视频监控系统通常采用先进的视频编码及视频分析技术，实现低码流下高清晰视频图像采集、编码、传输、录像、转发及自动报警功能。指挥人员和警务人员通过自己工作区域内的大屏幕或电脑工作站可清楚地了解辖区和全线车站、区间、桥梁、路基、机房等重点区段和设备的情况，并迅速、准确地处置突发事件。
1. 高铁视频监控主要需求
n 路基、路口、桥梁、隧道、公跨铁、咽喉区的视频监视，保证车辆安全运行。
n 车站广场、站台、候车大厅、旅客通道等人流密集区域视频监视，了解旅客情况。
n 无人值守变电站等重要配电设备集中监控，及时了解设备运行情况。
n 对出现的紧急状况，如暴风雪、泥石流、洪水、交通意外等远程了解并及时反应。
n 应急指挥监控，将突发紧急事件的视频通过无线传输到控制中心。
高铁视频监控应用的具体设备包括摄像机(多数是室外PTZ云台摄像机及室内外快球一体摄像机)、编码器、硬盘录像机(DVR)、网络录像机(NVR)、中央管理平台(CMS)、视频分析设备(VCA)、解码显示及存储设备。
对高铁视频监控系统的总体要求是：安全、可靠、开放、可扩充等。做到技术先进、经济合理、实用可靠。
2. 高铁视频监控系统的建设难点
n 视频监控点位通常比较分散、跨度比较大，一般几百甚至上千公里。
n 视频监控摄像机需要户外工作，环境通常比较恶劣。
n 监控点多为室外高杆或钢架上安装，施工难度比较大。
n 视频采集、编解码及部分存储设备分散分布在无人值守机房，安装调试成本高。
n 用户数量众多，系统需要有良好的权限管理、视频流并发访问及转发能力支持。
n 视频分析环境复杂，风、霜、雨、雪、雾、摄像机抖动、灯光等干扰因素可能导致误报警。
3. 高铁综合视频监控系统的应用
综合视频监控系统应用主要包括：运营调度视频监控、公安视频监控、通信/信号视频监控、牵引供电视频监控、电力供电视频监控等。并预留客运服务视频监控和防灾安全视频监控系统接入，具体业务和功能包括如下几个方面。
n 运营调度视频监控
实现对全线“公跨铁”立交桥的全天候远程实时监控，对落物发现、人员入侵、设备遗失等异常情况实施全天候监控，防止影响安全事故的发生；对各车站咽喉区实施视频监控，全天候监视列车进出站情况，对咽喉区的异物入侵、设备丢失等情况进行主动警示；对各车站行车情况实施视频监控。
n 通信/信号视频监控部分
对各车站通信/信号室、各信号中继站、GSM-R基站、维修工区的通信室等无人值守机房进行视频监控，通过与相关系统的配合，实现告警后触发相关视频的动作及联动。
n 变配电站视频监控
对全线开闭所、牵引变电所、AT所/分区所等无人值守场所进行视频远程监控；对10kV配电所无人值守设备工作状态及场所进行远程视频监控。
n 客运服务视频监控
对全线车站重点场所以及其他相关场所进行视频监控。
15.1.3 高铁视频监控系统层次
高铁视频监控系统的特点决定了“数字网络视频监控系统”是最好的选择。通常，高铁视频监控系统分成三级节点，核心节点在铁道部(或路局)，有视频监控调用、汇总的需求；二级节点在各个路局/客专调度，主要为分散分布的网络录像机(NVR)、硬盘录像机(DVR)、存储转发设备，同时也有大屏监控、网管、流媒体转发等需求；三级节点为各个车段/站，负责视频的前端采集、编码等。
高铁视频监控系统层次结构如图15.1所示。
图15.1 高铁视频监控系统的层次结构
(1) 设备接入
n 视频采集、接入设备主要是指各类摄像机，一般机房监控、客运监控等场所为室内环境，可根据具体情况选择安装一体球型摄像机或固定摄像机；而室外环境包括大桥、隧道、铁路沿线等，通常环境非常恶劣，自然现象风、霜、雨、雪及高速列车带来的巨大震动等因素，都对摄像机质量、工艺、安装方式提出了严格的要求，远距离信号一般采用光纤传输。
(2) 三级节点
在各个站点，车辆段，安装部署编码器、硬盘录像机，实现视频的编码压缩和部分本地存储功能。由于前端设备分布广，因此系统稳定性是第一要素，系统的不稳定将会给后期维护工作带来巨大的压力。另外，设备需要具有远程维护能力，如远程升级，远程备份，远程启动等。对于变电机房、一般部署PTZ摄像机，可联动温感、烟感、水淹、门磁等探测器，对机房实施全面保护，因此，编码器或DVR的输入输出节点数目、联动功能都是需要考虑的。
(3) 二级节点
二级节点主要为铁路局，不同于三级节点单独的视频采集和简单视频浏览功能需求，二级节点存在大量的用户，对本区段的视频资源进行调用、回放、PTZ控制等。通常，在路局节点，一般设置多个客户端工作站、存储阵列、存储服务器、流媒体服务器、解码器、电视墙等终端，是系统真正的主干，也是应用的核心。二级节点是视频存储和视频流转发的核心环节，通常采用大规模的集中存储设备，如FC
SAN和DAS等；而部署流媒体服务器实现对来自三级节点的视频流向上转发功能。
(4) 一级节点
一级节点是系统的数据核心节点，注意是“数据核心节点”，而不是应用核心节点。一级节点一般在铁道部的数据中心(或路局中心)，相当于平安城市的城市公安局指挥中心。一级节点会连接各个高铁、铁路的视频系统，并根据需要，可有选择地调用、控制、回放各个铁路线的视频资源，一般设置中心管理服务器、工作站、归档备份服务器等。
15.1.4 高铁视频监控系统拓扑
典型高铁视频监控系统拓扑结构如图15.2所示，整个系统基于网络，实现视频的采集、编码压缩存储、转发及虚拟矩阵的功能。摄像机采集到视频信号，通过同轴电缆连接到DVR或编码器，实现视频的采集、编码压缩和传输，PTZ摄像机的控制信号通过RS485进行传输；编码器将视频流通过网络发送到NVR进行集中存储备份；存储服务器可以将DVR或NVR的视频资料进行归档备份；流媒体服务器可以在多个用户并发访问时进行视频转发而减少网络及前端设备的压力；解码器与电视墙连接，实现视频的集中大屏幕显示。
图15.2 典型高铁视频监控系统架构拓扑
另外，视频监控系统还需要与防灾系统、动力、环境检测等其他系统进行必要的联动集成功能，其他系统可以以干接点或API接口的方式，实现与视频监控系统的集成报警联动。相关系统报警发生后，视频监控系统接收到该告警信息，可按照预先设置好的联动程序，完成自动启动录像、改变录像帧率或分辨率、告警视频画面自动弹出、PTZ预置位调出、触发继电器输出驱动灯光、警铃设备等动作。
评论
还没有评论。