导弹火工品及其安全性

本书系统地介绍了导弹火工品及其安全性的相关知识。内容包括导弹火工品的概念、用途和分类、火工品药剂、典型导弹火工品、新型火工品技术、火工品固有安全性、火工品储存与转运安全、火工品操作安全等。为方便读者查阅专业词汇，书末还提供了导弹火工品常用词汇对照表及火工品安全国家军用标准列表。

张旭，1965年10月，籍贯山东烟台，硕士研究生，副教授，长期从事火工品教学研究工作，获军队科技进步二等奖3项，三等奖3项，发表研究论文30余篇，出版著作2部，获实用新型专利和发明专利多项。

第1 章 绪论 ··············································································································· 1
1.1 导弹概述 ······································································································ 1
1.2 火工品概念 ·································································································· 4
1.3 导弹火工品用途 ·························································································· 5
1.3.1 点火作用 ··························································································· 7
1.3.2 起爆作用 ························································································· 11
1.3.3 做功作用 ························································································· 15
1.4 导弹火工品分类 ························································································ 16
1.5 导弹火工品特点 ························································································ 18
1.6 导弹火工品战术技术要求········································································· 19
本章小结 ············································································································ 21
思考题 ················································································································ 21
第2 章 火工品药剂 ································································································· 22
2.1 起爆药 ········································································································ 22
2.1.1 起爆药特性 ····················································································· 22
2.1.2 几种常用起爆药 ············································································· 28
2.1.3 对起爆药的要求 ············································································· 40
2.2 猛炸药 ········································································································ 41
2.2.1 太安 ································································································· 41
2.2.2 黑索金 ····························································································· 43
2.2.3 奥克托金 ························································································· 45
2.2.4 特屈儿 ····························································································· 47
2.3 点火药 ········································································································ 49
2.4 延期药 ········································································································ 53
本章小结 ············································································································ 56
思考题 ················································································································ 56
第3 章 典型导弹火工品 ························································································· 57
3.1 点火类火工品 ···························································································· 57
3.1.1 烟火剂点火器 ················································································· 58
3.1.2 点火发动机 ····················································································· 62
3.1.3 隔板点火器 ····················································································· 63
3.2 起爆类火工品 ···························································································· 64
3.2.1 雷管 ································································································· 64
3.2.2 导爆药柱 ························································································· 87
3.2.3 传爆管 ····························································································· 90
3.3 做功类火工品 ···························································································· 94
3.3.1 燃气发生器 ····················································································· 94
3.3.2 电爆管 ····························································································· 97
3.3.3 作动装置 ······················

前 言
导弹技术是当今世界上高度复杂、高速发展的科学技术之一，它所取得的
每项成就都是人类智慧的结晶。火工品是导弹武器系统的重要组成部分，是装
有火炸药的小型爆炸元件或装置，能在外界不大的某种形式能量（机械能、热
能或电能）激发下，发生燃烧或爆炸，获得某种化学效应或机械效应，如点燃
火药、起爆炸药或作为某种特定的动力能源等。导弹火工品均装有含能材料，
因具有敏感程度高、输出能量大及作用迅速等突出特点，其安全性受到高度关
注。导弹火工品安全性既取决于自身固有特性，又与储存、运输、维护及使用
等外部因素密切相关。导弹火工品及其安全性对导弹武器性能发挥有至关重要
的影响和作用。
编写本书的目的主要是满足导弹专业本科生对导弹火工品及其安全性基本概
念和理论知识的学习需求，同时又不至于过分专业化，以便非导弹专业学员宏观
了解导弹火工品相关知识，为学习导弹系统专业知识打下基础。因此，本书在内
容上既力求知识体系的完整性，又尽量反映当代导弹火工品的新技术、新概念和
发展趋势，在内容上则力求深入浅出、图文并茂。
本书比较全面地介绍了导弹火工品及其安全性相关知识、现状和发展趋
势。全书分为6 章：第1 章绪论，介绍导弹火工品概念、用途、分类、特点
及主要战术技术要求；第2 章火工品药剂，主要介绍起爆药、猛炸药、点火
药及延期药的种类和特性；第3 章典型导弹火工品，主要介绍点火类火工品、
起爆类火工品、做功类火工品及索类火工品的结构组成、工作原理及性能特
点；第4 章新型火工品技术，主要介绍半导体桥起爆点火技术、直列式起爆
点火技术、激光起爆点火技术及MEMS 火工品技术；第5 章火工品固有安全
性，主要从药剂安全、安全设计及供电安全等方面对火工品安全性进行分析；
第6 章火工品勤务处理安全，主要介绍储存、转运及操作过程对火工品安全
性的影响。书末还给出了中英导弹火工品常用词汇对照表，以及火工品安全
国家军用标准列表。
本书是集体创作的成果。第1～第3 章由张旭编写，第4 章由叶文编写，
IV
第5 章由吕晓峰、邱立军编写，第6 章由邱立军、赵曦编写，附录由赵曦、张
旭编写。
本书在编写过程中，参考了许多国内外文献资料和高等院校有关教材，在此
对原作者表示衷心的感谢。导弹火工品及其安全性涉及的基础理论相当广泛，导
弹火工品技术发展日新月异，限于编者的水平，本书在编写时，虽力求全面、系
统，仍难免存在错误和不当之处，恳请各位读者提出宝贵意见。