描述
开 本: 16开纸 张: 胶版纸包 装: 平装是否套装: 否国际标准书号ISBN: 9787122262387
从写作到发表,全流程展示
若干实例和具体建议,手把手教你写论文
母语式写作,你也可以做到
本书可供高校理工类专业研究生和广大的科研工作者参考使用。
1.1 如何写好一篇稿件 002
1.2 稿件修改 002
1.3 选择期刊和投稿之后 005
1.4 审稿人评价稿件标准 007
第2章 稿件的撰写 /009
2.1 Title Page Including Authors,Affiliation and Contact Information 011
2.1.1 Title设计时常见的内容性问题 013
2.1.2 Title设计时的可读性问题 015
2.1.3 Title中常见的语法问题 017
2.2 Abstract and Key words 019
2.2.1 Abstract常见的三种格式 020
2.2.2 Abstract常见问题 020
2.2.3 不同格式Abstract示例 020
2.3 Introduction 026
2.4 Materials and Methods or Experimental Section 037
2.5 Results 039
2.6 Discussion 045
2.7 Conclusion 049
2.8 Acknowledgments 049
2.9 References 050
2.10 Cover Letter 051
第3章 英文写作 /053
3.1 论文写作中常出现的语法问题 054
3.1.1 主语和谓语的单数和复数要一致 054
3.1.2 修饰语同主语名词关系上要一致 055
3.1.3 主语和主语的行动(谓语)在逻辑上要一致 057
3.1.4 代名词和其代理的先行词要一致 058
3.1.5 位置的强调作用 059
3.1.6 修饰词和被修饰词要邻近 060
3.1.7 主语和谓语在句子中的位置要靠近 061
3.1.8 名词作形容词 062
3.1.9 句子的时态 063
3.1.10 主动句和被动句 064
3.1.11 标点符号的使用 064
3.1.12 数字的写法 065
3.1.13 冠词的使用 066
3.1.14 同位词的使用 067
3.1.15 多余的用词 067
3.1.16 隔离 068
3.1.17 Units 068
3.2 句子的连接和信息的传承 069
3.2.1 信息的传承 070
3.2.2 句子的连接 071
3.2.3 平行句的组织方法 074
3.2.4 写简单句子 075
3.3 中式英文 077
第4章 常用词汇 /081
4.1 经常使用但容易出现问题的字 084
4.2 用以描写研究课题的意义和重要性 093
4.3 用以描述某个领域的现状或作者的研究计划 096
4.4 用以描述需要解决的问题 101
4.5 有关过去和现在时间的词汇 105
4.6 用于举例的词汇 107
4.7 用以描述实验部分的词汇 110
4.8 用于描写先后顺序的词汇 116
4.9 描写实验结果的词汇 118
4.10 用于比较语句的词汇 129
4.11 用于讨论和描述实验意义的词汇 132
4.12 常用的修饰词 142
附:稿件样本 /149
附录 /159
References /165
英文科技写作有它自己的规律,在一定的英文基础上,是可以达到专业水平的。我主要从三方面研究英文写作:一是阅读有关论文写作的专著;二是从写作的角度阅读大量不同杂志的论文;三是通过修改国内学者的稿件,找出问题所在。这本书就是集中了过去15年我对英文科技论文写作研究的总结。
我在2006年组建Sciwriting编译团队(www.sciwriting.cn),已经协助国内学者修改8000多篇SCI稿件,结合各位编辑的意见,我发现国内学者SCI写作的问题主要表现在:
1.词汇缺乏 导致用词不准或错误,不能准确表达。这可能是大的问题。
2.语法问题及流畅问题 科技写作的语法与基础英语的语法一样,但有些是科技英语中常用的语法问题,如时态、名词罗列等;我们对一些英语特有的语法掌握不好。论文写作思路要清晰,语句的表达要流畅;但有时我们对语句的连接,思维的逻辑性表达不足。
3.中式英语 中文的句式和语法与英语有很多不同之处,直接逐句翻译往往会写成中式英文。由于词汇不足和对英语写法的不了解,写出的句子会不符合英语习惯,这可能是难克服的弱点。
而一些没发表的稿件除了存在上述问题,更多的是对SCI论文理解不深。SCI论文中创新好比是根本,好的思路是枝干,语言好比是枝叶。很多作者没有跟踪文献,创新性和意义无法提高,只在语言上下工夫,会舍本逐末。学英文写作是个漫长过程,不可能短时间内人人都成为专业人才。要增强国际交流,首先要把精力放在选好创新性题目,设计并完成实验上。英文写作要学好还需要花很大工夫,也需要一个能了解英语母语表达方式的环境。对于语言,请专业编辑人才修改英文写作是学术界接受的一个通常做法。通过仔细研究专业人才所修改的稿件,学习SCI论文写作技巧,不断积累,才能逐步得到提升。
《SCI论文写作和发表:You Can Do It》出版后,深受读者欢迎。一些读者也提出了宝贵意见。在此次再版中,针对读者关心的部分即论文的撰写进行了详细介绍。我希望本书能够继续帮助年轻学者提高SCI论文写作水平。因作者水平有限,书中难免有不妥之处,还望读者指教。
张俊东博士
[email protected]
2016年1月于Boston
I have been studying and working in U.S. for more than 25 years. Frequently, my friends in China have asked me to edit their manuscripts. It was these requests that prompted me to study scientific writing in more depth and to look into what was necessary for Chinese scientists to prepare their own manuscripts in professional English. It took me a long time to improve my own English writing skills, even though I had a very high TOEFL score when I was applying US universities. My initial training was from my postdoctoral advisor at MIT, the editor-in-chief of a renowned biology journal as well as the author of several textbooks. By studying his revisions of my own manuscripts, my scientific writing skills improved greatly.
English writing, like many other skills, is mastered by both learning and practice. I further improved my skills by reading many scientific writing books and journal articles, while always paying special attention to the writing. Editing manuscripts of fellow Chinese scientists and identifying the common mistakes provided me additional insight. I published a book《Guide for Scientific Writing》by Shandong University Press Co. in 2004 to summarize the key areas that I believe are essential for Chinese scientists to improve their scientific writing skills. To meet the requests for manuscript editing, I built a team of editors in the U.S. to offer editing service in 2006 (www. sciwriting.cn). By 2015, we have edited more than 8000 manuscripts. Enriched by the editing experience and authors’ feedback, I have revised my book to publish this new edition.
There are several obstacles Chinese scientists have to overcome. The first and most difficult one is the proper selection and usage of words. The poor writing of non-English speaking scientists can often be improved by developing knowledge of the subtle differences in the accurate use of words. Simple words are overused, and in many cases, the wrong words are used instead. The second obstacle is grammar and sentence flow. Scientific writing should meet the same standards for grammar as general writing while accommodating for the additional rules of scientific writing. The sentence flow, which can be improved by the correct usage of connecting words, is critical for readers to understand the authors. The third obstacle is Chinese- English:English written as if literally translated from Chinese, including inappropriate expressions and improper grammar. While the author might not realize, a native speaker can notice it right away.
Writing a publishable manuscript is a difficult task: one which requires hard work and persistence. A manuscript written in proper English is the prerequisite for its acceptance for publication; however, the most critical criterion is still the contents of the manuscript, especially the novelty of your research finding. To write clearly the purpose of your study, what questions you want to answer or hypothesis to demonstrate, and the differences from the previous reports are the core of the paper. Without a proper understanding of the requirements for a publishable manuscript in SCI journals and the up to date knowledge of the literature in your research field, even the best writer still cannot publish a scientific paper. It takes a long time, the proper language environment, and tremendous efforts to master the skills of English writing; it seems to me it is a better way for scientists to focus on their science and ask professional editors to help with their English writing. It is a well-accepted practice in English-speaking countries to have professional editors to edit a manuscript or grant proposal. It is this need for English editors that is driving me to sharpen my own English writing skills, train other interested individuals, and provide professional service for the needed scientists.
I hope this book can find its role in helping to improve the English writing skills of young Chinese scientists. Thank you for reading.
Dr. Jundong Zhang
[email protected]
Jan. 2016, Boston
1. 阅读和研究文献,特别是实验室过去发表的文章。了解论文格式,描述方法,领域的前沿和面临的问题等。
2. 先从自己熟悉的部分开始写作, 先写结果部分。 这部分自己熟悉, 也是一篇论文的核心。
3. 根据实验结果部分, 针对性写实验方法部分。 实验方法要同实验结果匹配。且不能有遗漏, 也不能有多余的实验。
4. 写前言部分。 这时对自己的科研结果的意义,创新有数了, 比较容易写前言部分的 why, how, and what。
5. 写讨论部分。讨论部分同引言部分应该是衔接的, 都涉及文献的综述和你的结果对文献的贡献。
6. 写结论和摘要。 不是每个期刊都要求有结论部分。论文主体写好之后,写结论和摘要就容易了。
7. 写Title。
8. 对整个论文反复修改。
9. 仔细阅读期刊的 Guide for Authors, 按期刊的要求格式整理文献, 摘要和其他主体部分。
10. 投稿之前写cover letter。
红拂zane –
中英文结合,看目录内容,应该还不错,3章英文写作4章常用词汇
凄凉 –
作为一名小白,还是要了解一下的,二十多块钱的工具书很不错了,作为科普不错的选择,书中关于医学的例子较多,其他专业只能借鉴的参考了。