描述
开 本: 16开纸 张: 胶版纸包 装: 平装-胶订是否套装: 否国际标准书号ISBN: 9787121309366丛书名: 城市交通协同联动控制技术丛书
1.1 交通控制基本理念········································································································· 1
1.1.1 交通控制定义·········································································································· 1
1.1.2 交通控制基本原则··································································································· 1
1.1.3 交通控制目标·········································································································· 2
1.2 交通控制策略················································································································ 3
1.2.1 交通控制策略概念··································································································· 3
1.2.2 使用者策略············································································································· 3
1.2.3 开发者策略············································································································· 3
1.3 城市交通特性················································································································ 3
1.3.1 城市路网特性·········································································································· 3
1.3.2 交通流特性············································································································· 4
1.4 交通控制方式与方法····································································································· 4
1.4.1 交通控制方式划分··································································································· 4
1.4.2 交通控制方法体系··································································································· 6
1.5 交通控制系统的构成····································································································· 7
1.5.1 交通模型与算法······································································································ 7
1.5.2 交通信息采集系统··································································································· 8
1.5.3 交通信号控制机······································································································ 8
1.5.4 通信传输系统·········································································································· 9
1.5.5 交通控制中心········································································································ 10
第2 章 交通控制基础理论································································································· 13
2.1 信号控制关键参数······································································································· 13
2.1.1 基本参数定义········································································································ 13
2.1.2 信号相位与信号阶段······························································································ 14
2.1.3 车流运行模式与损失时间······················································································· 15
2.1.4 饱和流率·············································································································· 17
2.1.5 黄灯时间的计算···································································································· 17
2.1.6 绿灯间隔时间的计算······························································································ 20
2.2 车流描述理论和计算模型··························································································· 22
2.2.1 车辆在停车线后的排队和延误················································································ 22
2.2.2 车辆穿越交叉口的行为·························································································· 34
2.2.3 车队离散模型········································································································ 36
2.3 交叉口信号设置依据··································································································· 44
2.3.1 准备工作············································································
总 序
随着我国社会机动化、城镇化进程的发展，城市交通问题日益突出。为了应对频发的城市交通拥堵问题，现代交通控制的内涵已从狭义的“信号控制”向广义的“信号控制 诱导控制 需求控制”拓展，在信息获取网络化和多元化的基础上，追求控制对象的多层次化、控制目标的全局化、控制过程的主动化和动态化、控制手段的多样化和集成化，信号控制、交通诱导、需求控制的协同联动成为现代交通控制技术发展的重要趋势。
2011 年9 月，科学技术部在“863”计划现代交通技术领域立项了“大城市区域交通协同联动控制关键技术”主题项目。项目瞄准现代交通控制技术发展前沿，以大城市区域交通协同联动控制技术为突破口，攻克重点关键技术，研制符合国情的大城市区域交通控制技术和装备，实现区域出行调控、网络化诱导、时空动态优化的协同联动控制，为提升交通运行效能、缓解拥堵和产业发展提供技术支撑。项目由北京四通智能交通系统集成有限公司牵头，参加单位有北京宏德信智源信息技术有限公司、北京交通发展研究中心、北京交通大学、浙江大学、同济大学、清华大学、东南大学、中山大学、北京通达交安科技发展中心等，北京航空航天大学、北京工业大学、重庆交通大学、哈尔滨工业大学等单位的有关人员也参与了项目的相关研究工作。
历经两年多的研究探索，项目较好地完成了各项研究内容，实现了项目预期的目标。项目研究突破了城市区域交通协同控制领域的多项关键技术，研发了区域路网智能化分析和决策支持系统、网络化智能诱导控制系统、区域动态交通协同优化控制系统以及区域交通协同联动控制集成平台，在出行行为调控、交通信号控制与诱导之间的协同联动控制等方面实现了技术创新和集成创新。项目研究成果丰富，部分成果初步实现产业化并得到实际应用，取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。
本丛书以“863”计划主题项目“大城市区域交通协同联动控制关键技术”六个研究课题的研究成果为主要内容，包括网络化动态交通信息获取与交互、面向出行行为的区域交通智能分析与控制、区域交通网络化智能诱导控制、区域交通动态协同优化控制、特殊需求下区域交通协同管控以及协同联动控制平台集成与测试等关键技术。丛书全面系统地总结了城市区域交通协同联动控制技术的主要研究进展和成果，以期能对城市交通控制管理领域的持续研究提供基础和参考，也希望能对我国城市交通控制工作的发展和提升起到实际指导作用。
丛书各册内容的撰写是由项目各个课题负责人带领课题研究团队主要成员完成的，感谢他们为此所做出的努力和付出。同时要感谢“863”计划现代交通技术领域主题专家马林教授、王云鹏教授、王长君研究员、王勇研究员对项目研究和丛书编写给予的指导和宝贵意见。
现代科学技术发展迅速，应用需求也在不断变化，城市区域交通控制技术面向实际需求的挑战，需要在新技术背景下不断创新发展。本丛书是基于“863”项目研究的阶段性总结，偏颇之处在所难免，内容不妥甚或错误之处，敬请业内专家学者和广大读者批评指正。
国家高技术研究发展计划（863）主题项目
《大城市区域交通协同联动控制关键技术》
首席专家 关积珍
2015 年2 月于北京
序
从第一个交通信号灯诞生算起，交通信号控制已经有一个半世纪的历史。随着城市交通工具的演变、交通需求的增长和交通治理难度的增大，城市交通信号控制技术越来越被交通管理者所重视，使得这项本意是借助信号灯实施路权时空分离达到交通安全有序的交通流控制技术被寄予了调整交通流、提高交通效率、缓解交通拥堵的希望。由于信息技术和计算技术的不断发展，科研工作者正在把这一希望变为现实，而且不断加载更具有新意的内涵。如今，我国城市交通拥堵愈发严重，交通管理更加困难，此时尤其需要研究适应当前交通管理需求的交通控制系统。
本书作者长期从事交通控制理论和相关技术的研究，承担过多项国家“973”计划项目课题、“863”计划项目、国家自然科学基金项目及大量的工程咨询项目，在交通控制研究领域积累了丰富的经验和研究成果。本书虽然只是国家“863”计划课题的研究成果，却包含了他们多年的研究积累，内容涉及区域交通动态协同优化控制策略、交通信号控制的基础理论、检测器的优化布设方法、交通数据的获取与利用、交通状态判别方法、交通控制子区划分、各种交通状态交通信号控制理论与方法、公交优先信号控制以及快速路匝道控制策略和方法等。除了介绍一些传统的交通控制理论外，书中提出的全局交通状态判别方法、基于“虚拟停车线”思想的排队长度估计及拥堵预测模型、不同交通状态的子区划分策略及其与控制的协同、交通瓶颈形成与消散的判别方法和控制策略、区域交通拥堵的控制策略等许多内容都切中当前我国城市交通管理需求，思想新颖，值得领会。
本书涉猎的内容非常广泛，对很多问题的研究思想独到，方法新颖。但城市交通问题复杂，单从交通控制角度来说也有各种不同的角度和理念，何况新技术、新理论的出现还会引发更新的研究思路和手段，因此希望作者能够以此书成果为起点，取得交通控制研究的更新成就。同时也希望广大读者和同行能受此书启发，投身于交通控制乃至交通管理相关问题的思考和研究中来，为城市交通治理贡献我们的智慧。这正是我为此书写序的主要目的，我想也应该是作者的主要目的。
王玮
2016 年12 月17 日
前 言
人们司空见惯的交通信号灯是城市交通控制的具体表现，看似简单的红绿灯背后蕴含着城市交通管理者的交通管理理念和策略。简单地理解，交通控制意味着出行者在交叉口的安全、秩序、效率和公平，如果深入探讨，交通控制还能实现大范围的交通流科学组织，合理利用交通设施、节约出行者时间等目标。诚言，当交通供需矛盾到达一定程度后，再优秀的交通控制也不可能从根本上解决交通拥堵问题，但不合理的交通控制却会加剧交通拥堵，因此，在城市交通供需矛盾愈加激化的今天，交通控制系统的研究显得尤为重要。也正因如此，国家“863 计划”主题项目立项研究“大城市区域交通协同联动控制关键技术”，“区域交通动态协同优化控制技术”作为该项目的课题之一，重点研究城市交通控制相关问题，本书正是结合该课题研究成果整理而成的。
本书共9 章。第1 章论述了区域交通动态协同优化控制策略；第2 章论述了城市交通信号控制中的关键参数与基础理论，为构建区域交通动态协同优化控制的理论与方法奠定基础；第3 章论述了面向交通控制的交通数据获取的基本手段、交通检测器的优化布设方法、交通数据的筛选、恢复与预测方法以及交通数据的预处理流程；第4 章论述了基于固定检测器信息的单点、单路段的交通状态判别方法以及基于二流理论提出的路网宏观层面的状态判别与划分方法；第5 章阐述了交通控制子区划分策略、动态划分指标——关联度的量化方法以及划分方案动态调整方法；第6 章给出了未饱和状态下的城市交通流特性和构建相应的交通信号控制理论与方法；第7 章以过饱和状态为研究对象，分述集群过饱和及孤立过饱和两种情况下的信号控制技术；第8 章介绍了公交优先信号控制策略以及常见的单点公交优先信号控制方法和干线公交优先信号控制方法；第9 章阐述了快速路匝道控制策略和控制方法。王殿海负责全书内容框架设计，约占总工作量的10%，金盛、马东方、别一鸣、祁宏生负责整理完成具体内容，分别完成总工作量的30%、25%、20%和15%。
课题研究是在项目首席科学家关积珍领导下进行的，成果的取得与他的总体协调和各方面的帮助是分不开的，在此提出特别的感谢。课题在进行过程中，浙江大学的王慧教授、王福建副教授、梅振宇副教授、孙轶琳博士，东南大学陈峻教授及其团队，清华大学李志恒教授及其团队，中山大学余志教授及其团队等付出了大量心血，在此向他们表示感谢。饮水思源，在这里要特别感谢吉林大学交通学院交通控制团队的曲昭伟教授、陈永恒副教授、李智慧副教授、宋现敏副教授、胡宏宇副教授、陶鹏飞博士以及该团队毕业的博士、硕士研究生，本书的五位作者六年前曾与他们并肩作战，成果包含了他们的基础工作和相关成果。在此，还要感谢海信网络科技股份有限公司的同事们，是他们提供了课题相关研究成果的应用环境，使得一些理论成果转化成实用技术。
由于时间仓促和作者水平有限，错误之处在所难免，敬请读者批评指正。
王殿海
2016 年于浙江大学紫金港校区
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