人工智能与创新创业

大众创业、万众创新成为中国经济增长的新动力。人工智能技术作为创新创业过程中的一个大趋势，将引领一场更为深远的科技革命，对当今新形势下的创新创业活动产生重要的影响。本书将创新创业思想、模式识别、人工智能理论与实际应用相结合，以人工智能算法在不同领域中的应用为例，介绍了各种算法理论及其相应的 MATLAB 实现程序。全书共分为 5 章，内容包括人工智能概述、神经网络、支持向量机、模拟退火算法、遗传算法、蚁群算法等，覆盖了各种常用的人工智能算法和技术。 本书可作为高等院校计算机及相关专业的创新实验教学用书，为读者提供采用 MATLAB 解决实际应用问题的思路和方法。

许磊，女，工程师。2009年进入哈尔滨工业大学计算机学院硬件实验中心工作，教授《计算机设计与实践》、《嵌入式系统设计与实践》、《复杂计算机系统》、《计算机组成原理》等计算机硬件及软件课程，具有十分丰富的设计和开发经验。主要从事方向为计算机视觉和FPGA开发。曾获哈尔滨市科技创新人才，哈工大计算机科学与技术学院”硬件实验中心实验平台建设奖”。共承担省部级教学项目5项。

目 录＜br/＞第 1 章 人工智能理论基础 ····················································································· 1＜br/＞1.1 人工智能简介 ····························································································· 1＜br/＞1.2 人工智能的起源和发展历程 ······································································· 1＜br/＞1.3 人工智能的研究对象及特点 ······································································· 7＜br/＞1.3.1 人工智能的概念 ··················································································· 7＜br/＞1.3.2 人工智能的研究对象············································································· 8＜br/＞1.3.3 人工智能的特点 ·················································································· 10＜br/＞1.4 人工智能的分支和研究方法 ······································································ 10＜br/＞1.4.1 人工智能的主要分支············································································ 10＜br/＞1.4.2 人工智能的研究方法············································································ 17＜br/＞1.5 人工智能的发展和应用 ············································································· 21＜br/＞1.6 人工智能的相关概念 ················································································· 25＜br/＞1.7 人工智能与创新创业 ················································································· 26＜br/＞第 2 章 MATLAB 操作基础 ···················································································· 32＜br/＞2.1 MATLAB 简介 ··························································································· 32＜br/＞2.2 算法开发概述 ···························································································· 33＜br/＞2.3 性能优化概述 ···························································································· 35＜br/＞2.4 数据分析概述 ···························································································· 40＜br/＞2.5 数据可视化概述 ························································································ 41＜br/＞2.6 MATLAB 的基本语法 ················································································ 41＜br/＞2.6.1 语句形式及使用技巧············································································ 41＜br/＞2.6.2 变量及其赋值 ····················································································· 43＜br/＞2.7 矩阵的相关运算 ························································································ 45＜br/＞2.7.1 矩阵的初等运算 ·················································································· 45＜br/＞2.7.2 矩阵的高级运算 ·················································································· 48＜br/＞2.7.3 矩阵的群运算 ····················································································· 51＜br/＞2.8 关系和逻辑运算 ························································································ 53＜br/＞2.8.1 关系运算 ···························································································· 53＜br/＞2.8.2 逻辑运算 ···························································································· 54＜br/＞·VI·＜br/＞第 3 章 MATLAB 程序设计 ···················································································· 58＜br/＞3.1 M 文件 ······································································································· 58＜br/＞3.1.1 M 文件的建立与编辑 ··········································································· 58＜br/＞3.1.2 M 文件的分类 ····················································································· 60＜br/＞3.2 数据的输入/输出 ······················································································· 63＜br/＞3.2.1 input 函数 ·························································································· 63＜br/＞3.2.2 disp 函数 ···························································································· 64＜br/＞3.2.3 pause 函数 ·························································································· 66＜br/＞3.3 选择结构 ··································································································· 67＜br/＞3.3.1 if 语句 ······························································································· 67＜br/＞3.3.2 switch 语句 ·············································································

前 言＜br/＞推进大众创业、万众创新是党中央、国务院在经济发展新常态下作出的重要战略部署，强化创新创业教育是学生成长成才的需求。为此，高校建立了课程体系、实训实践体系、平台体系、保障体系“四位一体”的创新创业教育体系，将其与通识教育、专业教育、个性发展有机融合，强调“做中学、赛中练、实践不断线、科研助育人”，培养创新精神、创业意识和创新创业能力。创新创业教育课程是创新创业教育体系的重要组成部分，是创新创业教育的基本载体，贯穿学生培养的全过程。随着近期我国不断加速转型化进程以及社会就业压力的加剧，创新创业逐渐成为在校大学生和毕业大学生的一种职业选择方式。随着人工智能和模式识别技术的迅猛发展，目前该技术已经成为当代高科技研究的重要领域之一，不仅取得了丰富的理论成果，而且其应用范围越来越广泛，几乎遍及各个学科领域，如图像处理、模式识别、机器人、系统控制、遥感数据分析、生物医学工程、军事目标识别等。由于其在国民经济、国防建设、社会发展的各个方面得到了广泛应用，因而越来越多的人认识到人工智能和模式识别技术的重要性。为抢抓重大战略机遇、构筑先发优势，我国将发展人工智能上升至国家战略层面，在科技研发、应用推广和产业发展等方面推出一系列措施。在基于人工智能的设计开发领域中，MATLAB 作为一种方便、功能强大的计算仿真工具，在应用人工智能算法模拟和解决实际应用问题中起到了关键的作用。＜br/＞本书以人工智能在创新创业中的应用知识为基础，以培养创新创业精神为核心，以提升学生创新创业能力为目标，注重创新创业有关知识、能力、素质的有机融合，理论和实践统一，培养学生采用 MATLAB 工具对人工智能算法进行设计，进而解决和优化实际应用问题的能力，对学生的创意创新意识、创新思维、创新方法、创新技能，以及创业思维、方法和能力进行训练。本书将创新创业教育与人工智能专＜br/＞业教育有机融合，建设基于人工智能新时代的专业创新创业教育体系。＜br/＞编 者