物流运输组织与管理（第3版）

本书根据国内外现代物流及运输业的发展变化，系统介绍了物流运输的基本理论、运输市场与政策、主要的运输方式、国际运输和特种品运输的基本知识，重点阐述了企业运输市场营销管理、运输决策管理、托运人和承运人运输管理等内容。本书知识系统、内容丰富，注重理论性与实践性相结合，贴近企业实际，突出运输管理，反映行业发展热点与趋势，适用于高等院校本科物流管理专业及其他相关专业的教学，也可作为其他院校以及从事物流管理相关人员的学习参考用书。

袁伯友，男，毕业于香港理工大学国际航运及物流管理专业，2005年—至今，在南开大学滨海学院任本科教学，曾讲授的课程：物流运输组织与管理，仓储和配送管理，采购管理，供应链管理，统计学等。

第1 章 物流运输管理概论 ················································································· 1
1.1 物流运输管理基础知识 ··········································································· 1
1.1.1 运输的定义及特征 ········································································ 1
1.1.2 物流运输相关概念及特点 ······························································· 3
1.1.3 运输的功能与原理 ········································································ 4
1.1.4 企业运输系统的含义及要素 ···························································· 6
1.1.5 企业运输管理的任务 ····································································· 8
1.2 运输方式的分类及特性 ··········································································· 9
1.2.1 运输方式的分类 ··········································································· 9
1.2.2 各种运输方式的技术经济特性 ························································ 11
1.3 运输成本、运价及运费 ·········································································· 13
1.3.1 运输成本的构成 ·········································································· 13
1.3.2 运价特点 ··················································································· 14
1.3.3 运价结构 ··················································································· 14
1.3.4 运费 ························································································· 16
1.4 运输的地位和意义 ················································································ 16
1.4.1 运输在现代物流中的地位 ······························································ 16
1.4.2 运输发展的意义 ·········································································· 17
1.5 运输的发展历史及趋势 ·········································································· 21
1.5.1 运输的发展历史 ·········································································· 21
1.5.2 我国运输发展趋势 ······································································· 23
第2 章 运输市场与政策··················································································· 30
2.1 运输市场概述······················································································ 30
2.1.1 运输市场的含义及其构成 ······························································ 30
2.1.2 运输市场的特征及类型 ································································· 33
2.1.3 运输市场环境 ············································································· 35
2.1.4 运输市场管理 ············································································· 36
2.2 运输市场需求 ····················································································· 37
2.2.1 运输市场需求的含义及特点 ··························································· 37
2.2.2 运输市场需求的影响因素 ······························································ 39
2.2.3 运输市场需求弹性 ······································································ 40
2.3 运输市场供给 ····················································································· 44
2.3.1 运输市场供给的含义及特点 ··························································· 44
2.3.2 运输市场供给的影响因素 ······························································ 45
2.3.3 运输市场供给弹性 ······································································ 45
2.3.4 运输市场供给与需求之间的关系 ····················································· 47
2.4 运输市场管理政策 ··············································································· 48
2.4.1 运输市场管理政策的含义及类别 ····················································· 48
2.4.2 法律类运输政策 ········································································· 49
2.4.3 行政类运输政策 ········································································· 50
第3 章 公路运输 ··························································································· 54
3.1 公路运输概述 ····················································································· 54
3.1.1 运输工具 ·················································································· 54
3.1.2 运输设施 ·················································································· 55
3.1.3 运输组织形式 ············································································ 57
3.2 公路整车运输 ·····································3

运输是人类社会生活中基本的活动之一，为人类社会的发展做出了重大贡献。伴随着世界经济和科学技术的迅速发展，运输活动在各国的社会、政治、军事、经济、文化等方面的发展中发挥出越来越重要的作用。进入21 世纪以来，随着现代物流的快速发展，运输作为现代物流的重要环节，受到各国政府、学界、企业等的高度重视。同时，运输作为国民经济的一个重要行业，与过去相比发生了翻天覆地的变化。在公路、铁路、水路、航空和管道5 种运输方式中，无论哪种运输方式，其运输规模都在不断增大，并达到了较高的水平；信息技术的不断更新和应用，正在逐渐改变运输业务的运作模式和管理方式；供应链管理获得了更广泛的应用和发展，更加强调物流一体化，促使人们将运输与仓储、信息处理、流通加工、包装等有效地衔接起来；随着市场竞争更加激烈，企业降低成本、提高效率的压力增大，物流及运输业面临着更大的挑战。为适应上述种种变化，运输这个古老的行业也在不断变革和发展。
本书自2011 年第2 版出版至今，我国物流业及运输业又有了长足的发展，一方面吸引了大量的物流人才进入物流行业，另一方面对我国物流人才的教育与培养提出了更高的要求。我国高校物流教育应以此为动力，为满足我国经济发展和物流业发展的需要，在教育体制、培养模式、学科建设、教材体系、资源投入等方面付出更大的努力。本书正是在这种背景下，为适应物流业发展和物流教育发展新的变化和需要进行的修订。本次修订在第2 版的基础上进行了创新，对教材框架结构进行了调整，对内容进行了修改和补充。
本书结合国际、国内现代物流的发展和运输业的变化，以经济学和管理学理论为基础，运用国内外运输组织与管理的先进理论与方法进行了阐述。考虑到篇幅所限，整体结构安排如下：
第1 章阐述物流运输管理有关基础知识；第2 章阐述运输市场供给与需求的基本理论和我国运输市场管理的政策，主要分析企业运输管理所面临的市场竞争环境和政策环境；第3～6 章分别阐述公路、铁路、水路、航空4 种运输方式的组织形式与管理内容；第7、8 章分别阐述国际运输、特种品运输的组织与管理；第9 章着重阐述企业运输市场营销管理的内容；第10 章主要阐述一般企业面临的几种重要的运输决策内容；第11、12 章分别从托运人和承运人的角度阐述运输的组织与管理。由于管道运输涉及的企业较少，相关内容相对简单，所以本书只是在相关章节中对其做了简要介绍，不再单独安排章节做详细阐述。
修订后的教材更加关注物流行业的发展，吸收了学界近几年新的研究成果；围绕企业物流运输，更贴近企业实际；突出运输管理，基本不再保留操作性内容；突出应用性，突出对学生理论素质与专业能力的培养。本书尝试做到理论性与应用性相结合，力争内容全面、结构严谨、语言简洁、通俗易懂。
本书由袁伯友任主编，魏然任副主编，各章编写具体分工为：第1、9、11、12 章由袁伯友编写；第2、3、6、10 章由魏然编写；第4、5、7 章由郭鹏编写；第8 章由刘海滨编写。刘铁男、李亚伶、吴向悦、张贺、王乔博、陈晓宇等参与了资料的收集、整理及书稿校对等工作。
本书在编写过程中，原书主编王述英教授自始至终十分关注，并给予了热心指导和帮助，对此表示诚挚的感谢。本书参考和使用了前两版的部分内容，在此向原作者表示衷心的感谢。书中参考或引用了国内外有关物流和运输方面论著的内容，吸收了许多学者的研究成果，在此谨向这些作者致以衷心的感谢。对于因工作疏忽，而没有将参考资料及其作者在参考文献中列出的，特此向作者致以歉意并表示感谢。
由于时间限制，加上作者水平和所掌握的资料数量有限，书中可能会有一些错误和疏漏之处，敬请读者指正并提出宝贵意见。