儿科学（英文改编版）

儿科学,双语教学,医学院校,教材,英、汉 

国内**套改编自经典英文原版的医学教材，语言纯正，并保留原书图文并茂的特色，低价满足国内医药教育需求。知名院士及资深教授参与改编，国外专家审定，内容和编排与*教学指导方案及全国规划教材一致，符合国内教学实际。适合双语教学，与国际医学教育接轨；既吸收原版教材之精华，又融入国内教材之经典，并有创新发展。

CONTENTS
Chapter 1 The Scope of Pediatrics (1)
Chapter 2 Child Growth and Development (2)
Child physical growth (2)
Common growth concerns (7)
Development and behavior (10)
Adolescence growth and development (22)
Adolescence behavior and psychologicalhealth (26)
Chapter 3 Child Health Care (31)
Guideline for childhood and adolescence health care (31)
Planned immunization (31)
Chapter 4 Childhood Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders (40)
Nutritional requirements (40)
Infant feeding (49)
Nutrition support (53)
Malnutrition (undernutrition) (56)
Obesity (56)
Vitamin D deficiency (58)
Chapter 5 The Newborn Infant (61)
Overview (61)
Characteristics of full term infant and premature infant (62)
Care of the well new-born infant (67)
Care of preterm infant (69)
Perinatal asphyxia (72)
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (76)
Intracranial hemorrhage (78)
Hyaline membrane disease (81)
Meconium aspiration syndrome (82)
Infections in the newborn infant (83)
Jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn (89)
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (92)
Chapter 6 Genetic and Metabolic Diseases (95)
Genetic disease (95)
Inborn errors of metabolism (101)
Chapter 7 Immunodeficiency Diseases (108)
Development of the immune system (108)
Immunodeficiency diseases (109)
Investigation of immunodeficiency (112)
Chapter 8 Rheumatic Diseases (114)
Rheumatic fever (114)
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (116)
Anaphylactoid purpura (Henochschonlein purpura) (118)
Kawasaki disease (119)
Chapter 9 Infectious Diseases (122)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (122)
Measles (rubeola) (123)
Poliomyelitis (126)
Varicella (chickenpox) (127)
Infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barrvirus) (129)
Mumps (131)
Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) (132)
Tuberculosis (133)
Candidiasis (137)
Cryptococcosis (140)
Enterobiasis (pinworms) (141)
Ascariasis (142)
Hookworm (142)
Chapter 10 Gastrointestinal Tract (144)
Structure of the gastrointestinal tract (144)
Diagnostic modalities in gastroenterology (146)
Gastroesophageal reflux (148)
Peptic diseases (149)
Acute infectious diarrhea (gastroenteritis)(153)
Chronic diarrhea (154)
Chapter 11 Diseases of the Respiratory-system (157)
Growth and develepment (157)
Assessment of respiratory disease (158)
Acute upper respiratory infections (159)
Acute pharyngitis (160)
Acute bronchitis (162)
Bronchiolitis (163)
Pneumonia (164)
Asthma (168)
Chapter 12 Cardiovascular Diseases (181)
Fetal circulation and circulatory changes after birth (181)
Diagnostic evaluation (184)
Congenital heart disease (194)
Myocarditis (205)
Infective endocarditis (207)
Disorders of rate and rhythm arrhythmias(208)
Chapter 13 Kidney and Urinary Tract (217)
Developmental changes in renal function (217)
Evaluation of the kidney and urinary tract (218)
Hematuria (220)
Renal parenchymal anomalies (222)
Urinary tract infections (222)
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (225)
Nephrotic syndrome (227)
Renal tubular acidosis (228)
Chapter 14 Hematologic Disorders (230)
Developmental changes in hematopoiesis and normal hematologic values (230)
Anemias (231)
Iron deficiency anemia (233)
Megaloblastic anemia (235)
Hereditary spherocytosis (236)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (238)
Hemoglobinopathies (239)
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (243)
Hemophilia (245)
Leukemia (247)
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (252)
Chapter 15 Neurologic and Muscular Disorders (254)
Assessment of neurologic and muscular disease (254)
Seizure disorders (259)
Bacterial meningitis (275)
Viral infections of CNS (277)
Cerebral palsy (277)
Guillain-Barre syndrome (278)
Myasthenia gravis (280)
Chapter 16 Disease of the Endocrine System (282)
General concepts (282)
Congenital hypothyroidism (284)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (286)
Growth hormone deficiency (290)
Diabetes mellitus (295)
Sexual precocity (303)
Chapter 17 Fluid，Electrolyte，and Acidbase Disorders and Therapy (306)
Regulation of body fluids，electrolytes，and tonicity (306)
Acid-base balance (307)
Fluid and electrolyte management (308)
Acid-base disturbances (314)
Chapter 18 Critical Care (316)
Cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation (316)
Acute respiratory failure (321)
Congestive heart failure (324)
Shock (329)
Renal failure (334)
Poisonings (338)
Chapter 19 Information Technology in Pediatrics (347)
Continuing medical education (347)
Clinical support (351)
Patient education (355)
English-Chinese Vocabulary (356)

Chapter 1 The Scope of Pediatrics
　　Pediatrics is the study of growth and development of the child from the genetic background and mo-ment of conception through adolescence. It is thescience and art of prevention，diagnosis，and treat-ment of the diseases of children from birth throughadolescence，whether these disturbances be physi-cal，mental，or emotional. The most characteristicfeature of pediatrics is that it deals with the growth and development of the child，comprising all those changes in size and form and in complexity of func-tion that constitute growing up.
　　Physicians dealing with children must be aware，for example，of the differences in physiologic maturi-ty of newborns and young infants as compared with the older infants and younger children or adolescents.There are differences for these various age levels in(1) function of various organ systems，(2) degree ofimmunity to disease，(3) response to the effects of disease，(4) drug dosages and tolerance to drugs，(5) mental and motor ability，and (6) pattern of emotional response. Thus pediatrics encompasses a fascinating and almost endless variation that distin- guishes it from other specialties that focus only on certain system or regions of the body or that are relat-ed entirely to adults，who are more or less of similar size and maturity of function. These differences be-tween children and adults have been summed up inthe statement，”The child is not a little man. “
　　The young are often among the most vulnerable ordisadvantaged in society，and thus their needs re-quire special attention. Children and adotescence(0-18 yr) make up slightly less than one third of the population of the China. Chronologically，the pediatrician is concerned with (1) perinatal period，(2) neo natal period(0-28 d)，(3) infancy(0-1yr)，(4) toddler hood(2-3 yr)，(5) preschool pe-riod(3-6 yr)，(6) school age (6-12 yr)，and (7)adolescence (12 – 18 yr). The efforts of pediatri-cians，combined with those of scientists and special-ists in public health have led to such better under-standing of the origin and management of many prob-lems of infants that in the past century. The infantmortality rate in the China has decreased from 150/1000 to 11.8 /1000 in 2000. The majority of deathsof infants younger than 1 yr of age occur within thefirst 28days of life( newborn infant). The leading causes of death in this age group were pneumonia，asphyxia，prematurity，diarrhea and congenital a-nomalies. In the mid 20th century，with improvedcontrol of infectious disease pediatric medicine in-creasing turned its attention to a broad spectrum ofconditions，including diseases of the newborn，leu-kemia，congenital heart disease，mental retardation，genetic defects，etc. The last two decades of the20th century were marked by accelerated under-standing and new approaches to the management ofmany disorders as a consequence of advances in mo-lecular biology，genetics，and immunology. Increas-ing attention also has been given to behavioral andsocial aspects of child health.
　　In the past quarter century the growth of speciali-zation within pediatrics has taken a number of differ-ent forms: interests in problems of age groups havecreated neonatology and adolescent medicine;inter-estsin organ systems have created pediatric cardiolo-gy，allergy，hematology，nephrology，gastroenterol-ogy，pulmonology，endocrinology，and specializa-tion in metabolism and genetics; On the other hand，interests in the healthcare service have created pedi-atricians primarily devoted to ambulatory care. Fi-nally，multidisciplinary sub-specialties have grownup around the problems of handicapped children，towhich pediatrics，neurology，psychiatry，psychol-ogy，nursing，physical and occupational therapy，special education，speech therapy，audiology，andnutrition all make significant contributions. This growth of specialization has been most conspicuousin university-affiliated departments of pediatrics andmedical center for children. The amount of informa-tion relevant to child health care doubles about every10 yr now，and no person can make herself or him-self master of it all. Physicians are increasingly de-pendent upon one another for the highest quality ofcare for their patients.
　　Chapter 2 Child Growth and Development
　　CHILD PHYSICAL GROWTH
　　Normal children follow a trajectory of increasingphysical size (Figures 2-1，2-2). Monitoring physi-cal growth is fundamental to pediatric health super-vision. Knowledge of both normal patterns and com-mon individual variations gives the pediatrician aframework from which to provide reassurance andguidance to parents as well as to identify potentialproblems.
　　Figure 2-1 Percentile standards for length for age and weight for age in girls，birth to age 18 years.
　　Changes in physical size and appearance are avisible manifestation of the complex morphologic，biochemical，and physiological changes taking placeduring childhood. Although such change is a contin-uous process，the rate of a child’s growth is not con-st