原版现代语言学丛书：英语句法与论证（第四版）

Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the Third Edition
Preface to the Fourth Edition
Part I  Function and Form
  Introduction
    Key Concepts
  Function
    2.1  Subject and Predicate
    2.2  Predicator
    2.3  Direct object
    2.4  Indirect object
    2.5  Adjunct
    Key Concepts
    Exercises
    Further Reading
  Form: Words, Word Classes and Phrases
    3.1  The notion 'word'
    3.2  Nouns and determinatives
    3.3  Adjectives
    3.4  Verbs
    3.5  Prepositions
    3.6  Adverbs
    3.7  Conjunctions
    3.8  Interjections
    Key Concepts
    Exercises
    Further Reading
  More on Form: Clauses and Sentences
    4.1  Clauses and clause hierarchies
    4.2  The rank scale
    4.3  Clause types
      4.3.1  Declarative clauses
      4.3.2  Interrogative clauses
      4.3.3  Imperative clauses
      4.3.4  Exclamative clauses
      4.3.5  The pragmatics of the clause types
    4.4  More on tree diagrams
    Key Concepts
    Exercises
    Further Reading
  The Function-Form Interface
    5.1  Function-form relationships
    5.2  Realisations of the Subject
    5.3  Realisation of the Predicate and Predicator
    5.4  Realisations of the Direct object
    5.5  Realisations of the Indirect object
    5.6  Realisations of Adjuncts
    Key Concepts
    Exercises
    Further Reading
Part II  Elaboration
  6  Predicates, Arguments and Thematic Roles
    6.1  Predicates and arguments
    6.2  Thematic roles
    6.3  Grammatical functions and thematic roles
    6.4  Selectional restrictions
    6.5  Three levels of description
    Key Concepts
    Exercises
    Further Reading
  7  Cross-Categorial Generalisations: X-Bar Syntax
    7.1   Heads, Complements and Specifiers
    7.2  Adjuncts
    7.3  Cross-categorial generalisations
    7.4  Subcategorisation
      7.4.1   Subcategorisation versus argument/thematic structure
    Key Concepts
    Exercises
    Further Reading
  8  More on Clauses
    8.1  The I-node
    8.2  Subordinate clauses
      8.2.1  Clauses functioning as Direct object, Subject and Adjunct
      8.2.2  Clauses functioning as Complements within phrases
      8.2.3  Clauses functioning as Adjuncts within NPs
    Key Concepts
    Exercises
    Further Reading
  Movement
    9.1  Verb Movement: aspectual auxiliaries
    9.2  NP-Movement: passive
    9.3  NP-Movement: Subject-to-Subject Raising
    9.4  Movement in interrogative sentences: Subject-Auxiliary Inversion
    9.5  Wh-Movement
    9.6  The structure of sentences containing one or more auxiliaries
    Key Concepts
    Exercises
    Further Reading
  10  Tense, Aspect and Mood
    10.1  Time and tense
      10.1.1  The present tense
        10.1.1.1  Uses of the present tense
      10.1.2  The past tense
        10.1.2.1  Uses of the past tense
      10.1.3  Ways of referring to future time
    10.2  Aspectualityand aspect
      10.2.1  Progressive aspect
        10.2.1.1  The progressive construction
        10.2.1.2  Uses of the progressive
       10.2.2 Perfect aspect
        10.2.2.1  The perfect construction
        10.2.2.2 Uses of the present perfect
    10.3  Modality and mood
      10.3.1  Different types ofmodality
      10.3.2  The core modals
        10.3.2.1  The morpho-syntactic characteristics of the core modals
        10.3.2.2  Meanings expressed by the core modals
      10.3.3  Other ways of expressing modality
     Key Concepts
     Exercises
     Further Reading
Part III  Argumentation
  11  Syntactic Argumentation
    11.1  The art of argumentation
    11.2  Economy of description: Linguistically Significant Generalisations and Occam's Razor
      11.2.1  Linguistically Significant Generalisations
      11.2.2  Occam's Razor
        11.2.2.1  Verb-preposition constructions
        11.2.2.2  Achieving economy in the domain of functional terminology
    11.3  Further constraints on description: elegance and independent justifications
      11.3.1  Elegance of description
      11.3.2  Independent justification
    11.4  Evaluating analyses
    Key Concepts
    Exercises
    Further Reading
  12  Constituency: Movement and Substitution
    12.1  The Movement Test
      12.1.1  Movements to the left
        12.1.1.1  Topicalisation
        12.1.1.2  VP-Preposing
        12.1.1.3  Though-Movement
      12.1.2  Movements to the right
        12.1.2.1  Heavy-NP-Shift
        12.1.2.2  Extraposition of Subject clauses
        12.1.2.3  Extraposition from NP
    12.2  Substitution
      12.2.1  Substitution of nominal projections: NP and N"
      12.2.2 Substitution of verbal projections: VP and V'
     Key Concepts
     Exercises
     Further Reading
  13  Constituency: Some Additional Tests
    13.1  The Coordination Test
    13.2  The Cleft and Pseudocleft Test
    13.3  The Insertion Test
    13.4  The Constituent Response Test
    13.5  The Somewhere Else Test
    13.6  The Meaning Test
    13.7  A case study: the NakedPizza Eating-construction
    13.8  Some caveats regarding the tests
    Key Concepts
    Exercises
    Further Reading
  14  Predicates and Arguments Revisited
    14.1  Establishing argumenthood
      14.1.1  Meaning
      14.1.2  Dummy elements and idiom chunks
      14.1.3  Passivisation
    14.2  Two further types of verb   NP   to-infinitive construction:persuade and want
      14.2.1  Persuade
      14.2.2  Want
      14.2.3  Overview
    14.3  Concluding remarks
    Key Concepts
    Exercises
    Further Reading
Part IV  Application
  15  Grammatical Indeterminacy
    15.1   Category boundaries and gradience
    15.2  Subsective gradience
      15.2.1  Nouns
      15.2.2  Adjectives
      15.2.3  Verbs
      15.2.4  Prepositions
    15.3  Intersective gradience
      15.3.1  Word classes: adjective or adverb?
      15.3.2  Word classes: verb or noun?
      15.3.3  Phrases: adjective phrase or prepositional phrase?
      15.3.4  Constructional gradience
    15.4  Concluding remarks
    Key Concepts
    Exercises
    Further Reading
  16  Case Studies
    16.1  Negated modal auxiliaries
    16.2  Noun phrase structure
      16.2.1 A lot of books
      16.2.2 A giant of a man
    16.3  Verb complementation
      16.3.1  Pattern 1: V   to-infinitive
      16.3.2  Pattern 2: V   NP   to-infinitive constructions involving allow
      16.3.3  Pattern 3: V   NP   {NP/AP/PP}
    16.4  Subordinating conjunctions and prepositions
    16.5  Concluding remarks
    Key Concepts
    Exercises
    Further Reading
Glossary
Reference Works: Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Grammars
and Other Publications on the English Language
Bibliography
Index