教材主要介绍BIM思维和学用主流BIM软件创建土建模型的方法和技巧。全书共分8章，从BIM概述和BIM应用前景开始，介绍了BIM建模软件，包括Revit软件、斯维尔软件、广联达软件、鲁班软件等的建模方法和技巧，并输出工程成果文件。特别把族单立一章，以体现族在BIM软件应用中的重要地位。本书作为高等院校工程造价、工程管理、土木工程等专业的教材，也可以作为工程技术人员的岗位培训教材和参考书。

金永超，云南农业大学BIM工程中心常务副主任，硕士，高级工程师，isBIM机构云南高级顾问，比目咨询首席顾问。中国土木学会早期会员，云南省图学会早期会员/理事，国家BIM专委。
张宇帆，昆明理工大学津桥学院讲师，隶属建筑工程系工程造价教研室，主讲建筑构造、工程造价软件应用、BIM与建模应用、建筑工程概预算等工程造价专业课程。于2014年9月获得BIM建模师师资（一级）岗位培训证和考评员资格证。

目  录

第1章  BIM概述····························································································· 1

1.1  BIM的来源与定义······················································································ 1

1.2  BIM的特点······························································································· 2

1.3  BIM的应用现状························································································· 4

1.4  BIM的应用前景························································································· 9

第2章  BIM建模软件介绍················································································ 18

2.1  BIM软件类型·························································································· 18

2.2  Revit软件······························································································· 23

2.3  斯维尔软件····························································································· 25

2.4  广联达软件····························································································· 28

2.5  鲁班软件································································································ 30

第3章  Revit建模基础···················································································· 35

3.1  Revit操作基础························································································· 35

3.2  Revit基本操作························································································· 43

第4章  Revit建模·························································································· 72

4.1  项目准备································································································ 72

4.2  创建项目模型························································································· 108

4.3  工程模型表现························································································· 150

第5章  广联达软件建模*················································································ 164

5.1  项目准备······························································································· 164

5.2  创建轴网······························································································· 166

5.3  创建项目模型························································································· 168

5.4  工程成果文件输出··················································································· 195

第6章  鲁班软件建模*··················································································· 205

6.1  BIM模型创建原理··················································································· 205

6.2  项目准备······························································································· 209

6.3  创建项目模型························································································· 213

6.4  工程成果文件输出··················································································· 228

第7章  Revit族基础*···················································································· 232

7.1  Revit族简介·························································································· 232

7.2  族实例创建···························································································· 244

7.3  族库添加与调用······················································································ 250

附录1········································································································ 252

安装Autodesk
Revit 2014················································································· 252

附录2········································································································ 258

住房城乡建设部关于印发推进建筑信息模型应用指导意见的通知································· 258

关于推进建筑信息模型应用的指导意见································································ 258

前  言

建筑业信息化是建筑业发展的一大趋势，建筑信息模型（BIM—Building Information Modeling）作为其中的新兴理念和技术支撑，正引领建筑业产生着革命性的变化。时至今日，BIM已经成为工程建设行业的一个热词，BIM应用落地成为当前业界讨论的主要话题。任何事物的推行，都需要有个过程，BIM也概莫能外。这个过程当中，人才是一个重要因素，学校是培养人的重要基地，教材建设是前置条件。针对教学的迫切需求，我们组织了省内外专家学者，共同编写了本套教材。

高校引入BIM教学是时代赋予的使命，在本专科学生中开展BIM技术教育是现阶段行业生产发展对人才的要求。教材主要介绍BIM思维和学用主流BIM软件创建土建模型的方法和技巧。全书共分7章，从BIM概述和BIM应用前景开始，介绍了BIM建模软件，包括Revit软件、广联达软件、鲁班软件等的建模方法和技巧，并输出工程成果文件。特别把族单立一章，以体现族在BIM软件应用中的重要地位。全书由云南农业大学金永超统稿，参加编写的有昆明理工大学津桥学院张宇帆，云南农业大学王瑞，昆明融众建筑工程技术咨询有限公司容绍波、周晓东、郑则直，深圳斯维尔科技股份有限公司杨志成，云南大学刘杨，上海鲁班软件有限公司王永刚，云南经济管理学院金志辉，云南工商学院黄杨彬、王韡。云南农业大学BIM协会的同学参与了模型验证和部分图文的编辑加工。金永超、张宇帆担任主编，王瑞、容绍波担任副主编。本书可以作为高等院校工程造价、工程管理、土木工程等专业的教材，也可以作为工程技术人员的岗位培训教材和参考书。

本教材是高等院校工程造价专业系列教材建设规划教材，初定位为工程造价专业服务，为识图和算量服务。考虑到目前高校几乎没有BIM教材的窘境，因此本教材也为开展BIM课程院校的其他土木建筑类专业服务，终定位为土木建筑类专业BIM通识教材，另配套《BIM应用课程设计指南》专为造价专业服务。因此，本教材除了考虑造价专业的知识技能需要外，也兼顾了其他木建筑类专业对BIM知识技能的需要。同时，结合目前各高校教学条件、师资、学生、课时等不同需求，对教材内容做了适应性安排以利于开展教学。为保证本教材编写不脱离行业的发展与现实需要，还聘请了专业顾问团队把关，力求做到简明、务实、求真。

建议安排2学分计32学时或3学分48学时，各学校根据实际情况选取内容（Revit软件选用2014版，为必修内容，标题带星号*部分为选修内容）开展教学活动。

后需要强调：BIM，是技术工具，是管理方法，更是思维模式。中国的BIM必须本土化，必须与生产实践相结合，必须与政府政策相适应，必须与民生需要相统一。我们应站在这样的角度去看待BIM，才能真正做到传道授业解惑。

限于编者水平和时间，书中难免有错误和不当之处，恳请读者给予批评指正，以便再版时修正。联系邮箱：[email protected]。

 

 

 

编  者    

2016年1月 昆明

第1章  BIM概述

【导读】

建筑信息模型（Building Information Modeling）是以建筑工程项目的各项相关信息数据作为模型的基础，进行建筑模型的建立，通过数字信息仿真模拟建筑物所具有的真实信息。它具有可视化、协调性、模拟性、优化性和可出图性等五大特点。本章主要介绍了 BIM 的起源、定义、特点等内容。BIM的应用价值主要体现在七个方面：三维渲染，宣传展示；快速算量，精度提升；精确计划，减少浪费；多算对比，有效管控；虚拟施工，有效协同；碰撞检查，减少返工；冲突调用，决策支持。本章后对BIM的应用前景做了展望。

学习要点：

• BIM的定义
• BIM的特点
• BIM的应用价值
• BM的核心思想

1.1  BIM的来源与定义

1.1.1  BIM的来源

1975年，“BIM之父”——佐治亚理工大学的Chunk Eastman教授创建了BIM理念至今，BIM技术的研究经历了三大阶段：萌芽阶段、产生阶段和发展阶段。BIM理念的启蒙，受到了 1973 年全球石油危机的影响，美国各行业需要考虑提高行业效益的问题，1975 年“BIM 之父”Eastman 教授在其研究的课题“Building Description System”中提出“a computer-based description of a building”，以便于实现建筑工程的可视化和量化分析，提高工程建设效率。

1.1.2  BIM的定义

BIM是英文Building Information Modeling的缩写，国内比较统一的翻译是：建筑信息模型。BIM 是以建筑工程项目的各类相关信息数据作为模型的基础，进行建筑模型的建立，通过数字信息仿真模拟建筑物所具有的真实信息。

国家建设职能部门对BIM做出了解释：BIM技术是一种应用于工程设计、建造和管理的数据化工具，通过参数模型整合各种项目的相关信息，在项目设计、建造和运维的全生命周期过程中进行共享和传递，使工程技术人员对各种建筑信息做出正确理解和高效应对，为设计团队以及包括建筑运营单位在内的各方建设主体提供协同工作的基础，在提高生产效率、节约成本和缩短工期方面发挥重要作用。

目前，我国的《建筑信息模型应用统一标准》还在编制阶段，这里暂时引用美国国家BIM标准（NBIMS）对BIM的定义，该定义由 3 部分组成：

①  BIM 是一个设施（建设项目）物理和功能特性的数字表达；

②  BIM 是一个共享的知识资源，是一个分享有关这个设施的信息，为该设施从建设到拆除的全生命周期中的所有决策提供可靠依据的过程；

③ 在项目的不同阶段，不同利益相关方通过在BIM中插入、提取、更新和修改信息，以支持和反映其各自职责的协同作业。

我们认为BIM的定义如下：在建筑的全寿命周期内，通过参数化建模来进行建筑模型的数字化和信息化管理，从而实现各个专业在设计、建造、运营维护阶段的协同工作。

1.2  BIM的特点

BIM 具有可视化、协调性、模拟性、优化性和可出图性五大特点。

1．可视化

可视化即“所见即所得”的形式，对于建筑行业来说，可视化运用在建筑业的作用是非常大的，例如经常拿到的施工图纸，在图纸上只是采用线条绘制表达各个构件的信息，但是实际的构造形式就需要建筑业从业者去自行想象了。对于一般简单的结构来说，这种想象也未尝不可，但是近几年建筑形式各异，复杂造型不断推出，那么这种复杂结构光靠人脑去想象就未免有点不太现实了。而 BIM 提供了可视化的思路，让人们将以往的线条式的构件转变成一种三维的立体实物图形展示在人们的面前；建筑业中也有设计方面提供效果图的情况，但是这种效果图是分包给专业的效果图制作团队，对设计图进行识读，进而以线条信息制作出来的，并不是通过构件的信息自动生成的，缺少了同构件之间的互动性和反馈性，然而 BIM 的可视化是一种能够同构件之间形成互动性和反馈性的可视，在建筑信息模型中，由于整个过程都是可视化的，所以可视化的结果不仅可以用来做效果图的展示及报表的生成，更重要的是，项目设计、建造、运营过程中的沟通、讨论、决策都在可视化的状态下进行。