商业环境与人力资源管理

本书由中外合作办学项目一线教师编写，坚持以“立足高职、服务高职，培养国际商务人才”为宗旨，具有实用性强、逻辑性强、简明扼要的特点。以商务环境、人力资源管理基本理论为出发点，既培养学生系统的专业理论知识，又注重培养学生的实际分析、解决问题的能力，为其他相关专业课的学习及未来实际工作奠定基础。

内蒙古商贸职业学院自2007年起分别与英国桑德兰城市学院、英国南埃塞克斯学院开展联合办学项目，合作培养具有专业视角的国际化商务人才。本书根据中外合作办学项目专业人才培养目标，以国际商务环境、人才管理的基本理论为出发点，旨在把中外合作办学项目学生培养成为既具有系统的专业理论知识，又具有实际工作经验与能力、了解相关商务环境、人力资源管理知识的国际商务人才。

Part 1 Business Environment ………………………………… 001

Introduction to the Book ……………………………………… 002

Chapter 1 Organizations and Their Objectives ………………… 005

Chapter 2 Businesses Stakeholders …………………………… 028

Chapter 3 Responsibilities of Organizations …………………… 045

Chapter 4 Business Environment Analysis …………………… 072

Chapter 5 Market Forces ……………………………………… 093

Chapter 6 Market Structure and Competitive Forces ………… 105

Chapter 7 The International Business Environment ………… 125

Appendix ……………………………………………………… 141

Part 2 Managing People ……………………………………… 157

Section I Module Guide ……………………………………… 158

Section II Assessment ………………………………………… 161

Section III Managing People ………………………………… 178

Chapter 1 The Role of Human Resources ……………………… 180

Chapter 2 Developing and Implementing Strategic HRM Plans … 207

Chapter 3 Recruitment ………………………………………… 233

Chapter 4 Selection …………………………………………… 263

Chapter 5 Compensation and Benefits ………………………… 296

Chapter 6 Retention and Motivation …………………………… 332

Chapter 7 Training and Development ………………………… 367

Chapter 8 Employee Assessment ……………………………… 406

Chapter 9 Working with Labor Unions ………………………… 438

Bibliography …………………………………………………… 453

Business Environment and Managing People（《商业环境与人力资源管理》）是根据我院中外合作办学项目专业教师的双语教学实际，结合新时期中外合作办学项目高职学生的专业需求编辑出版。

内蒙古商贸职业学院自2007年起分别与英国桑德兰城市学院、英国南埃塞克斯学院开展联合办学项目，合作培养具有专业视角的国际化商务人才。根据这一要求，联合办学项目学生既要掌握本专业理论知识，又要具备运用国际商务知识的能力。为此，作为中外合作办学项目一线教师，本着“立足高职、服务高职，培养国际商务人才”的宗旨，编写本教材。本书根据中外合作办学项目专业人才培养目标，以国际商务环境、人才管理的基本理论为出发点，旨在把中外合作办学项目学生培养成为既具有系统的专业理论知识，又具有实际工作经验与能力、了解相关商务环境、人力资源管理知识的国际商务人才。

本书具有以下特点：

1.实用性强：本书根据中外合作办学项目各专业培养目标，以商务环境、人力资源管理基本理论为出发点，既培养学生系统的专业理论知识，又注重培养学生的实际分析、解决问题的能力。为其他相关专业课的学习及未来实际工作奠定基础。

2.逻辑性强：本教材根据商务环境、人力资源管理各知识点之间的逻辑关系，由易到难，由浅到深进行设计编写。各章节之间循序渐进，有效衔接。

3.简明扼要：本教材使用通俗易懂的语言，简明扼要地阐述商务环境及人力资源管理的基本理论、原理，并辅以相关案例，力求使学生更容易理解掌握国际商务专业理论及术语。

由于时间仓促，加之编者水平有限，本书难免有错漏和不足之处，恳请读者和同行批评指正。本书在编写过程中，得到了相关教师以及出版社专家的指导和帮助，在此深表谢意。

编者

2019年3月

Introduction to the Book

Description

The purpose of the book is to introduce learners to the institutions and influences which constitute the economic and broader environment in which businesses operate and to develop an understanding of how businesses adjust their behaviour to changes in the environment,both nationally and internationally.

Learners are encouraged to identify the objectives of organizations and the influence of stakeholders and to investigate the operation of organizations in relation to the local, national,and global environments.

It is expected that learners will develop an understanding of the nature and purpose of political and economic institutions, underpinned by a knowledge of how basic economic theory works in different types of economy. Learners will also be expected to develop a basic understanding of economic, social and technological forces and be able to compare China with other countries.

Teaching/ Learning Strategies

The book will be delivered through a combination of lectures, seminars, small group tutorials as well as guided self-study. A topic will be introduced via a lecture. In the days following the lecture students will be invited to undertake related research which will then be discussed, reinforced, extended and enhanced via group seminars which may be tutor or student-led. The strategy will be underpinned and formatively assessed by small group tutorials.

Chapter 1 Organizations and Their Objectives

Introduction

A great number of organizations with many different types, forms and usually with various objectives can be encountered in our lives. The business organizations we come into contact vary from huge organizations, employing thousands all over the world and with a turnover lager than some nations’ gross national product, to modest business organizations hiring only a few people and operating in a small locality.

So what is the purpose of all organizations? Why were they set up, and why some of them cannot continue and some can operate successfully? In this chapter we are going to consider the advantages and disadvantages of different forms of businesses, like sole traders,partnerships, and limited liability companies. We also identify the differences between the public and private sectors, and explain the functions of three levels of economic activities,including primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

In this chapter, we will mainly identify and discuss the mission, vision, values and various objectives of an organization. An organization should have its mission—the guiding idea behind the organization’s all activities. Vision is a kind of intention of an organization that is expected to be realized in the future. Values can be a set of principles or ideas that influence the activities of an organization. Objectives of an organization are used to fulfil the mission, which also explain the organization’s mission to a number of different client groups or stakeholders, who all have an interest in the organization’s activities.

The objectives of this chapter:

(1)The size and types of organizations

(2)The nature of the public and private sectors

(3)The three levels of economic activities

(4) Business objectives

1.1 Categories of Organizations

An organization is an arrangement of people, pursuing common goals, achieving results and standards of performance. There are many different types of organizations that are set up to serve a number of different aims and to meet a variety of needs. They come in all forms, shapes and sizes. All businesses try to achieve their goals so that they can be operated successfully.

Any business has people and resources to do one of two following things.

A. To produce or make items or goods to be sold, like shoe factory, furniture maker, jeans factory, computer maker.

B. To provide services to be sold including banks, police, hospitals and insurance. Here are some possible differences between organizations.