图解车工 数控车工快速入门

本书采用通俗易懂的语言，介绍了车削加工和数控车削加工所需掌握的基本知识和技能。本书主要内容包括：车床概述、车床上工件夹紧和刀具夹紧设备、车床操作、手动车螺纹、锥面车削、数控加工基础、数控车削简介、数控车削编程、数控车削的设置与操作。

Peter Hoffman（皮特·霍夫曼），于宾夕法尼亚技术学院获得副学士学位，通过了多项Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级 NIMS认证，并且在大专级别的精密加工技术比赛中，获得了2001年美国国家技术金牌， 2000年美国国家技术银牌。他拥有并经营着一家小型机械加工工厂。

Eric Hopewell（埃里克·霍普韦尔），拥有 25年的机械加工和教育领域的综合经验，于宾夕法尼亚技术学院获得副学士学位，于奥尔布赖特学院获得企业管理学士学位，于天普大学获得硕士学位，并获得宾夕法尼亚州职业教育永久资格证书。他也通过了多项 NIMS机械加工认证。

Brian Janes（布瑞恩·简斯），他的机械加工职业生涯已经超过了 20年。他具有在印第安纳州和肯塔基州的多个注塑模具公司进行机械加工工作的经验。他获得了工程技术专业硕士学位以及肯塔基技术教育项目年度奖励。

目　　录
出版说明
序

第
1章　车床概述 ···························· 1

1.1　概述 ·············································· 2

1.2　主轴箱 ··········································· 2
1.2.1　主轴 ········································ 2
1.2.2　变速箱
····································· 5

1.3　床身 ·············································· 5

1.4　溜板 ·············································· 5
1.4.1　床鞍 ········································ 5
1.4.2　丝杠和光杠
······························· 7
1.4.3　溜板箱
····································· 7

1.5　尾座 ·············································· 8

1.6　车床规格 ········································ 8
1.6.1　回转直径 ·································· 8
1.6.2　床身长度 ·································· 9

第
2章　车床上的工件夹紧和刀具
夹紧设备 ··························· 10

2.1　概述············································· 11

2.2　工件夹紧······································· 11
2.2.1　卡盘 ······································· 11
2.2.2　夹头 ·······································15
2.2.3　花盘 ·······································18
2.2.4　工件在两个顶尖之间夹紧·············18
2.2.5　心轴 ·······································22
2.2.6　工件的辅助支承方法···················23

2.3　刀具夹紧·······································25
2.3.1　摆杆式刀具夹紧·························25
2.3.2　快换式刀具夹紧·························26
2.3.3　可转位刀架
······························27
2.3.4　孔加工刀具夹紧·························28

第
3章　车床操作 ··························· 29

3.1　概述·············································30

3.2　背吃刀量、切削速度、进给量和加工工时

的计算·········································· 30
3.2.1　背吃刀量 ································· 30
3.2.2　切削速度 ································· 31
3.2.3　进给量
···································· 31
3.2.4　粗加工与精加工························· 31
3.2.5　加工工时的计算························· 32

3.3　通用车床操作安全事项 ····················· 32

3.4　端面车削和外圆车削 ························ 33
3.4.1　端面车削和外圆车削刀具············· 33
3.4.2　刀具的基本几何参数··················· 35
3.4.3　端面车削 ································· 41
3.4.4　外圆车削 ································· 46
3.4.5　轴肩车削 ································· 49

3.5　锉削与抛光 ···································· 54

3.6　中心孔钻与定点钻 ··························· 56
3.6.1　中心孔钻 ································· 56
3.6.2　定点钻
···································· 56

3.7　车床上的孔加工 ······························ 57
3.7.1　钻孔 ······································· 57
3.7.2　铰孔 ······································· 58
3.7.3　加工沉头孔和埋头孔··················· 58
3.7.4　镗孔 ······································· 58
3.7.5　加工内轴肩
······························ 60

3.8　使用丝锥和板牙加工螺纹 ·················· 61
3.9　成形加工 ······································· 61
3.10　切槽和切断 ·································· 62
3.11　滚花 ··········································· 64

第
4章　手动车螺纹 ························ 67

4.1　概述············································· 68

4.2　螺纹术语 ······································· 68

4.3　配合等级 ······································· 69

4.4　确定螺纹数据 ································· 70
4.4.1　外螺纹的螺纹大径······················ 70

4.4.2　内螺纹的螺纹小径······················ 70
4.4.3　刀架进给量
······························ 70
4.4.4　螺纹中径 ································· 72
4.5　在车床上加工螺纹 ··························· 72
4.6　车床的调整 ···································· 73
4.6.1　安装工件 ································· 73
4.6.2　调整进给箱
······························ 73
4.6.3　调整小滑板
······························ 74
4.6.4　调整主轴转速···························· 75
4.6.5　安装、调整刀具························· 75
4.7　车螺纹操作 ···································· 76
4.7.1　设置刀具的参考位置··················· 76
4.7.2　乱扣盘和开合螺母······················ 76
4.7.3　螺纹车刀的进刀与调位················ 77
4.7.4　螺纹收尾法
······························ 78
4.8　螺纹测量 ······································· 80
4.8.1　螺纹环规与塞规························· 80
4.8.2　螺纹千分尺
······························ 80
4.8.3　三线法
···································· 81
4.8.4　牙型测量 ································· 82
4.9　其他牙型 ······································· 82
4.9.1　梯形螺纹 ································· 82
4.9.2　圆锥管螺纹
······························ 82
4.9.3　锯齿形螺纹
······························ 83

第
5章　锥面车削 ··························· 84

5.1　概述············································· 85
5.2　典型锥面的尺寸标注法 ····················· 85
5.2.1　角度标注法
······························ 85
5.2.2　变化率标注法····························

为了吸收发达国家职业技能培训在教学内容和方式上的成功经验，我们于 2007年
引进翻译了“日本经典技能系列丛书”。该套丛书通俗易懂，通过大量照片、线条图介
绍了日本的技术工人培训时需要掌握的基本方法和技巧，出版之后深受广大读者的喜
爱。为了更好地满足读者学习国外机械加工经验和技能的需求，我们从美国引进了圣
智学习出版公司出版的“美国经典技能系列丛书”。为了使内容更有针对性，我们将其
改造为四本书，分别是《机械加工常识》《图解钳工快速入门》《图解车工 /数控车工快
速入门》和《图解铣工 /数控铣工快速入门》。本套丛书是美国技术工人培训和学生入
门学习的经典用书，并且已经再版。本套丛书主要用于帮助读者对初级和中级机械加
工技术进行深入了解，从而引导读者在快速发展变化的工业环境中获得职业上的成功。
本套丛书的主要特色如下：

.阐述精密机械加工领域真正需要学习和掌握的知识。

.培养学生进入人才市场后所需的人际交往能力。

.涵盖本领域最新的职业信息和职业发展趋势。

.培养工厂实践能力。

.包含了详细的说明和例子，用图表的方式一步一步地向读者展示相关工具、设
备等的使用方法。

.用深入浅出的方式、通俗易懂的语言，深入地介绍需要掌握的基本技能。

.包含最新的数控方面的内容。

为了更好地向读者呈现原版图书中的内容，我们邀请了国内企业的技术专家和职
业院校的教师共同组成翻译团队，在翻译的过程中力求保持原版图书的精华和风格。
翻译图书的版式基本与原版图书保持一致，并将涉及美国技术标准的部分，有些按照
我国的标准要求进行了适当改造，或者按照我国现行标准、术语进行了注释，以方便
读者阅读、使用。原版图书采用英制单位，为了保持原版图书的特色，同时便于读者
更好地理解原版图书中的内容，翻译后的图书仍然采用英制单位。

在本套丛书的引进和出版过程中，得到了贾恒旦和杨茂发的大力支持和帮助，在
此深表感谢。