美国缪斯：诗与诗论

　　《美国缪斯：诗与诗论》选取美国文学中在理论上具有创新意识、实践中开一代诗风的代表诗人25家，诗作100余首，诗论12篇，集作品与诗学批评于一体，可供高年级本科生、研究生英诗选读和美国诗歌与诗论等课程选做教材，亦是一部美国诗歌研究的重要参考书。

1．Anne Bradstreet(1612-1672)
Introduction
Selected Reading A
Selected Reading B
Supplementary Reading
References and Further Reading

2．William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878)
Introduction
Selected Reading A
Selected Reading B
Supplementary Reading
References and Further Reading

3．Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
Introduction
Selected Reading A
Selected Reading B
Supplementary Reading
References and Further Reading

4．Edgar Allan Poe(1809-1849)
Introduction
Selected Reading A
Selected Reading B
Supplementary Reading
References and Further Reading

5．Walt Whitman (1819-1892)
Introduction
Selected Reading A
Selected Reading B
Supplementary Reading
References and Further Reading

6．Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)
Introduction
Selected Reading A
Selected Reading B
Supplementary Reading
References and Further Reading

7．Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935)
Introduction
Selected Reading A
Selected Reading B
Supplementary Reading
References and Further Reading

8．Robert Frost (1874-1963)
Introduction
Selected Reading A
Selected Reading B
Supplementary Reading
References and Further Reading

9．Wallace Stevens (1879-1955)
Introduction
Selected Reading A
Selected Reading B
Supplementary Reading
References and Further Reading

10．William Carlos Williams(1883-1963)
Introduction
Selected Reading A
Selected Reading B
Supplementary Reading
References and Further Reading
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　　美国诗歌的历史，如果从安妮·布拉德斯特里特（Anne Bradstreet，1612-1672）1650年出版的《近来北美出现的第十位缪斯》算起，只有300多年，然而却涌现出了惠特曼、狄金森、庞德、艾略特、威廉斯及金斯堡等众多举世公认的一流诗人，在诗歌大国——中国也拥有众多的读者。因此，国内大多数高校也都开设了诸如“美国诗歌”或“英美诗歌”的研究生或本科生相关课程。
　　目前，关于美国诗歌的教材基本上沿用了过去国内英美文学教材编写的路子，主要是提供了诗歌文本和一些注释或简评，往往缺少诗人创作理论和诗歌批评的内容。本书编者根据为研究生和本科生开设“美国诗歌”和“英语诗歌”课程的实际需要出发，选取了25家代表诗人的100余首诗作，除了通常教材所包含的内容（如诗人简介、诗歌文本、注释及题解等）外，特别增加了两个部分：一是选取了12位独具创新意识的诗人的12篇诗论；二是为每个单元设计了“研究指南”，选介国内外具有代表性的评论观点，以期加深对诗歌的理解，同时也为进一步研究提供指引。
　　本书作为一本教材，虽算不上科研成果，但囿于编者的学识、资料等限制，如果没有一些师友的鼓励和帮助恐难完成。本书在成书前以讲义的形式曾在我院研究生和本科生教学中试用。2012年10月在同济大学主办的全国美国文学年会上，南京大学的张子清教授建议编者将讲义整理出版。2013年加州大学伯克利分校的著名诗人、学者罗伯特·哈斯教授，欣然邀请本人到该校作为访问学者从事美国诗歌研究，本人得以利用伯克利丰富的藏书，充实和修订了部分内容。在本书编写过程中，我的研究生张洁、刘恒、朱龙梅及姜建建等，在题解撰写、文字录用等方面也协助做了不少工作，在此一并表示感谢。后还要感谢上海市*科研创新项目（13ZS022）和同济大学研究生院为本书的编写和出版提供了及时的资助，感谢同济大学出版社编辑老师的辛勤付出。

　　《美国缪斯：诗与诗论》：
　　Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1809, the son of an actress. Orphaned in 1811, he moved to Richmond,Virginia, to live with his adoptive family. He briefly attended the University of Virginia before leaving to join the Army and attend West Point Military Academy; he was expelled from West Point after a year. Poe worked as a journalist and editor in New York, Baltimore, and Richmond. Despite his success as a writer, he lived in poverty. He suffered from alcoholism, depression, and possibly diabetes. In 1836 Poe married his cousin Virginia Clemm, and they remained together until her death from tuberculosis in 1847. After giving lectures in Norfolk and Richmond, Poe died in a Baltimore hospital in 1849; the cause of his death is not known.
　　Poe’s work as an editor, a poet, and a critic had a profound impact on American and international literature. His stories mark him as one of the originators of both horror and detective fiction. Many anthologies credit him as the “architect” of the modern short story. He was also one of the first critics to focus primarily on the effect of the style and of the structure in a literary work; as such, he has been seen as a forerunner to the “art for art’s sake” movement. French Symbolists such as Mallarme and Rimbaud claimed him as a literary precursor. Baudelaire spent nearly fourteen years translating Poe into French. Today, Poe is remembered as one of the first American writers to become a major figure in world literature.
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