Food Traceability from Different Perspectives

    食品追溯体系是质量和食品安全管理体系的一部 分，建立食品追溯体系是法规的要求，其目的是实现 食品顺向可追踪、逆向可溯源，必要时可以将问题食 品追回和（或）召回。“一步向前、一步向后”的要 求适用于所有类型的食品生产经营企业，只要是满足 “一步向前、一步向后”的要求，无论是基于纸质的 还是电子化的追溯体系均是可接受的，由此建立全程 食品安全追溯能力。追溯体系本身不能直接提升食品 的安全性，只有在与有效的食品安全管理体系相关联 之后才能发挥作用。食品生产经营企业出于保护企业 的声誉和品牌、赢得消费者忠诚度的需要，具备建立 食品追溯体系的动力，应由企业 建立食品安全追 溯体系，这与《中华人民共和国食品安全法》的要求 一致。

INTRODUCTION
Section Ⅰ Development Process and Purpose of Traceability
Ⅰ.EU
Ⅱ.America and Canada
(Ⅰ)America
(Ⅱ)Canada
Ⅲ.Australia & New Zealand
Ⅳ.Japan
Ⅴ.China
Ⅵ.Purpose of Food Traceability
Ⅶ.Brief Summary
Section Ⅱ Terms and Definitions
Ⅰ.Terms and Definitions
Ⅱ.Brief Summary
Section Ⅲ Analysis on Current Situation of Supervision
Ⅰ.Supervision Model
(Ⅰ)EU
(Ⅱ)America and Canada
(Ⅲ)Australia and New Zealand
(Ⅳ)Japan
(Ⅴ)China
(Ⅵ)Brief Summary
Ⅱ.Specific Requirements of Regulations
(Ⅰ)EU
(Ⅱ)America and Canada
(Ⅲ)Australia & New Zealand
(Ⅳ)Japan
(Ⅴ)China
(Ⅵ)Brief Summary
Ⅲ.Responsibilities of Stakeholders
(Ⅰ)Government Regulators
(Ⅱ)Food Business Operators
(Ⅲ)Industry Organizations
(Ⅳ)The Third-party Agencies
(Ⅴ)Brief Summary
Ⅳ.Actions Taken by Various Countries
(Ⅰ)Promotion of the Food Traceability Rule by Formulating Policies
(Ⅱ)Risk-based Realization of Food Chain Traceability
(Ⅲ)Joint Construction of the Food Safety Traceability System by All Parties
(Ⅳ)Establishment of Food Traceability Guidelines and System Standards by Industry Organizations
(Ⅴ)Improvement of Food Whole-course Traceability
(Ⅵ)Brief Summary
Section Ⅳ Establishment of Food Safety Traceability Information System (Platform) and Case Analysis
Case Ⅰ: National Livestock Information System (NLIS) in Australia
Case Ⅱ: Japanese Egg Traceability Information System
Case Ⅲ: Chinese Pork Traceability System
Case Revelations
Section Ⅴ Conclusions and Suggestions
Appendix Ⅰ: Abstract
Appendix Ⅱ: List of English Abbreviations