人性论 英文版原版 [英]大卫·休谟 著 经典英语文库入选书目 世界经典文学名著 英语原版无删减 提高英文阅读与写作能力

·英国哲学家大卫·休谟的哲学著作，包括《论知性》（OF THE UNDERSTANDING）《论情感》（OF THE PASSIONS）《论道德》（OF MORALS）·本书从社会角度探讨了基于公共意见与信念而形成的人的社会本性，休谟在书中对人性的分析开启了西方道德哲学中的情感主义，其透彻的分析和对善恶标准的界定为当代政治哲学和道德哲学提供了论说的话题·对自笛卡尔以来近代西方哲学成功进行了总结，直接推动了康德批判哲学的形成，其哲学思想在西方哲学史上占有十分重要的地位，是许多哲学思潮和观点的理论来源

本书作为我社“经典英语文库”第15辑中的一种，精选英国哲学家大卫·休谟创作的哲学著作《人性论》，以三卷本出版，前两卷（《论知性》与《论情感》）于1739年出版，第三卷（《论道德》）于1740年出版。《人性论》从社会角度而非自然科学角度探讨了基于公共意见与信念而形成的人的社会本性。全书分三卷，分别为“论知性”、 “论情感”、“论道德”。卷阐述认识论，主要说明了知识的起源、分类和范围，人的认识能力和界限，以及推理的性质和作用等内容。第二卷以感觉性观点说明伦理学和美学问题，认为快乐的感觉是善和美的共同基础。第三卷是在前两卷基础上对道德问题的全面阐述。

大卫·休谟（David Hume，公元1711年4月26日—公元1776年8月25日），苏格兰不可知论哲学家、经济学家、历史学家，被视为是苏格兰启蒙运动以及西方哲学历史中重要的人物之一。虽然现代学者对于休谟的著作研究仅聚焦于其哲学思想上，但是他先是以历史学家的身份成名，他所著的《英格兰史》一书在当时成为英格兰历史学界的基础著作长达60至70年。

ADVERTISEMENTINTRODUCTIONBOOK I OF THE UNDERSTANDINGPART I OF IDEAS, THEIR ORIGIN,COMPOSITION, CONNEXION,ABSTRACTION, ETC / 3SECT. I OF THE ORIGIN OF OUR IDEAS / 5SECT. II DIVISION OF THE SUBJECT / 12SECT. III OF THE IDEAS OF THE MEMORYAND IMAGINATION / 14SECT. IV OF THE CONNEXION OR ASSOCIATIONOF IDEAS. / 16SECT. V OF RELATIONS. / 20SECT. VI OF MODES AND SUBSTANCES / 23SECT. VII OF ABSTRACT IDEAS / 25A TREATISE OF HUMAN NATURE 2PART II OF THE IDEAS OF SPACE ANDTIME / 35SECT. I OF THE INFINITE DIVISIBILITY OF OURIDEAS OF SPACE AND TIME / 37SECT. II OF THE INFINITE DIVISIBILITY OFSPACE AND TIME / 41SECT. III OF THE OTHER QUALITIES OF OURIDEA OF SPACE AND TIME / 46SECT. IV OBJECTIONS ANSWERED / 53SECT. V THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED / 69SECT. VI OF THE IDEA OF EXISTENCE,AND OF EXTERNAL EXISTENCE / 83PART III OF KNOWLEDGE ANDPROBABILITY / 87SECT. I OF KNOWLEDGE / 89SECT. II OF PROBABILITY, AND OF THE IDEAOF CAUSE AND EFFECT / 94SECT. III WHY A CAUSE IS ALWAYSNECESSARY / 1013 CONTENTSSECT. IV OF THE COMPONENT PARTS OFOUR REASONINGS CONCERNING CAUSEAND EFFECT / 106SECT. V OF THE IMPRESSIONS OF THE SENSESAND MEMORY / 108SECT. VI OF THE INFERENCE FROM THEIMPRESSION TO THE IDEA / 112SECT. VII OF THE NATURE OF THE IDEAOR BELIEF / 121SECT. VIII OF THE CAUSES OF BELIEF / 128SECT. IX OF THE EFFECTS OF OTHERRELATIONS AND OTHER HABITS / 139SECT. X OF THE INFLUENCE OF BELIEF / 151SECT. XI OF THE PROBABILITY OFCHANCES / 160SECT. XII OF THE PROBABILITY OFCAUSES / 167SECT. XIII OF UNPHILOSOPHICALPROBABILITY / 181SECT. XIV OF THE IDEA OF NECESSARYCONNEXION / 194SECT. XV RULES BY WHICH TO JUDGE OFCAUSES AND EFFECTS / 215A TREATISE OF HUMAN NATURE 4SECT. XVI OF THE REASON OF ANIMALS / 219PART IV OF THE SCEPTICAL AND OTHERSYSTEMS OF PHILOSOPHY / 223SECT. I OF SCEPTICISM WITH REGARD TOREASON / 225SECT. II OF SCEPTICISM WITH REGARD TOTHE SENSES / 233SECT. III OF THE ANTIENT PHILOSOPHY / 266SECT. IV OF THE MODERN PHILOSOPHY / 273SECT. V OF THE IMMATERIALITY OF THESOUL / 281SECT. VI OF PERSONAL IDENTITY / 302SECT. VII CONCLUSION OF THIS BOOK / 316BOOK II OF THE PASSIONSPART I OF PRIDE AND HUMILITY / 331SECT. I DIVISION OF THE SUBJECT / 333SECT. II OF PRIDE AND HUMILITY, THEIR5 CONTENTSOBJECTS AND CAUSES / 336SECT. III WHENCE THESE OBJECTS ANDCAUSES ARE DERIVED / 340SECT. IV OF THE RELATIONS OF IMPRESSIONSAND IDEAS / 343SECT. V OF THE INFLUENCE OF THESERELATIONS ON PRIDE AND HUMILITY. / 346SECT. VI LIMITATIONS OF THIS SYSTEM / 352SECT. VII OF VICE AND VIRTUE / 357SECT. VIII OF BEAUTY AND DEFORMITY / 361SECT. IX OF EXTERNAL ADVANTAGES ANDDISADVANTAGES / 367SECT. X OF PROPERTY AND RICHES / 374SECT. XI OF THE LOVE OF FAME / 382SECT. XII OF THE PRIDE AND HUMILITY OFANIMALS / 392PART II OF LOVE AND HATRED / 397SECT. I OF THE OBJECT AND CAUSES OF LOVEAND HATRED / 399SECT. II EXPERIMENTS TO CONFIRM THISSYSTEM / 403A TREATISE OF HUMAN NATURE 6SECT. III DIFFICULTIES SOLVED / 420SECT. IV OF THE LOVE OF RELATIONS / 425SECT. V OF OUR ESTEEM FOR THE RICH ANDPOWERFUL / 432SECT. VI OF BENEVOLENCE AND ANGER / 442SECT. VII OF COMPASSION / 446SECT. VIII OF MALICE AND ENVY / 450SECT. IX OF THE MIXTURE OF BENEVOLENCEAND ANGER WITH COMPASSION ANDMALICE / 460SECT. X OF RESPECT AND CONTEMPT / 470SECT. XI OF THE AMOROUS PASSION, OR LOVEBETWIXT THE SEXES / 475SECT. XII OF THE LOVE AND HATRED OFANIMALS / 479PART III OF THE WILL AND DIRECTPASSIONS / 483SECT. I OF LIBERTY AND NECESSITY / 485SECT. II THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED / 494SECT. III OF THE INFLUENCING MOTIVES OFTHE WILL / 5007 CONTENTSSECT. IV OF THE CAUSES OF THE VIOLENTPASSIONS / 507SECT. V OF THE EFFECTS OF CUSTOM / 512SECT. VI OF THE INFLUENCE OF THEIMAGINATION ON THE PASSIONS / 514SECT. VII OF CONTIGUITY AND DISTANCE INSPACE AND TIME / 518SECT. VIII THE SAME SUBJECTCONTINUED / 524SECT. IX OF THE DIRECT PASSIONS / 531SECT. X OF CURIOSITY, OR THE LOVE OFTRUTH / 542BOOK III OF MORALSPART I OF VIRTUE AND VICE INGENERAL / 551SECT. I MORAL DISTINCTIONS NOT DERIVEDFROM REASON / 553SECT. II MORAL DISTINCTIONS DERIVEDFROM A MORAL SENSE / 568A TREATISE OF HUMAN NATURE 8PART II OF JUSTICE AND INJUSTICE / 575SECT. I JUSTICE, WHETHER A NATURAL ORARTIFICIAL VIRTUE? / 577SECT. II OF THE ORIGIN OF JUSTICE ANDPROPERTY / 585SECT. III OF THE RULES WHICH DETERMINEPROPERTY / 604SECT. IV OF THE TRANSFERENCE OFPROPERTY BY CONSENT / 610SECT. V OF THE OBLIGATION OFPROMISES / 613SECT. VI SOME FARTHER REFLECTIONSCONCERNING JUSTICE AND INJUSTICE / 623SECT. VII OF THE ORIGIN OFGOVERNMENT / 632SECT. VIII OF THE SOURCE OFALLEGIANCE / 638SECT. IX OF THE MEASURES OFALLEGIANCE / 650SECT. X OF THE OBJECTS OFALLEGIANCE / 6559 CONTENTSSECT. XI OF THE LAWS OF NATIONS / 670SECT. XII OF CHASTITY AND MODESTY / 674PART III OF THE OTHER VIRTUES ANDVICES / 679SECT. I OF THE ORIGIN OF THE NATURALVIRTUES AND VICES / 681SECT. II OF GREATNESS OF MIND / 700SECT. III OF GOODNESS ANDBENEVOLENCE / 712SECT. IV OF NATURAL ABILITIES / 717SECT. V SOME FARTHER REFLECTIONSCONCERNING THE NATURAL VIRTUES / 725SECT. VI CONCLUSION OF THIS BOOK / 730APPENDIX / 734