权力

“权力”一词内涵极为丰富、复杂，是人文社科领域最基本、最重要的话题之一。本书首先结合西方历代思想家的权力观探讨了权力的特征与意涵，随后分专题探讨了如何从权力视角解读文学文本，分析作品中的亲情、友情、爱情，战争、冲突抑或和平的关系，包含家庭关系、社会关系、人与自然之间的关系等，考察西方作家对权力关系的想象和再现，透视各种权力在作品中的呈现、实施和运作，涉及《水手比利·巴德》《归航》《白猫》《白鲸》等文学作品，提供了文学研究的新思路。

本书首先对权力话题进行概览，考察权力的产生、兴起、基本内涵和主要特征，强调权力研究的当代意义；接下来就西方重要思想家的权力观进行系统梳理和多维阐释，展现权力意涵的多元性和流动性；然后结合具体的外国文学作品，分别从阶级、民族/种族、性别以及人类世环境四个重要维度展开案例分析，考察不同社会、历史和文化语境下权力的具体表征和呈现，为文学权力研究和批评提供借鉴。

杨金才，南京大学教授、博士生导师，《当代外国文学》主编，国家级人才项目特聘教授，国家社科基金重大项目首席专家。主要研究领域为现当代西方文论、英美文学、比较文学、英语国家社会与文化。主持国家社科基金重大项目、重点项目、一般项目、教育 部人文社科规划项目等多项，在国内外学术刊物发表论文200余篇，出版专著5部，教育 部国家级规划教材4部，编、译著14部和其他教材多部。享受国务院特殊津贴。
姜礼福，南京航空航天大学副教授，硕士生导师，现任外国语学院副院长。主要研究领域为气候变化小说、环境人文学、航空文学、课程思政等。发表论文数十篇，出版专著多部。

总序 ·················································································张剑 ix
前言 ··································································· 杨金才 姜礼福 xviii
第一章 权力概说  1
1.1 权力的基本内涵和本质 ·························································1
1.2 文明进程、权力兴起与本质特性 ···········································7 
1.3 权力研究的当代意义 ···························································18 
第二章 西方权力观的多维阐释和建构  21 
2.1 西方早期思想家的权力观 ····················································21 
2.1.1 马基雅维利的权力观 ··············································22  
2.1.2 霍布斯的权力观 ·····················································25 
2.1.3 孟德斯鸠与卢梭的国家权力观 ································27 
2.2 西方当代思想家的权力观 ····················································28 
2.2.1 阿伦特的权力观 ·····················································29 
2.2.2 福柯的权力观 ·························································31 
2.2.3 阿甘本的权力观 ·····················································39 
2.2.4 布尔迪厄的权力观 ··················································41 
2.2.5 卢克斯的三维权力观 ·············································43 
2.2.6 吉登斯的权力观 ·····················································45
第三章 阶级与权力  47 
3.1 工业文明语境下的阶级与权力·············································47 
3.2 麦尔维尔《水手比利·巴德》中的权力运作 ·······················49 
3.3 福克纳《献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花》中的身体、空间与权力 ····60 
第四章 民族/种族与权力  68 
4.1 种族的生命政治——殖民主义与权力的跨民族/种族维度 ····68 
4.2 库切《等待野蛮人》中的帝国权力反思 ······························70 
4.2.1 种族主义——权力的殖民主义形式 ·························73 
4.2.2 《等待野蛮人》中的权力结构和实施 ·······················75 
4.2.3 殖民权力的内部消解和重构 ···································77 
4.3 埃里森《归航》中的种族、创伤与权力 ······························81 
4.3.1 飞机、秃鹫与白头海雕：《归航》中的权力结构隐喻 ··························82 
4.3.2 《归航》中的创伤疗愈和权力重构 ··························85 
4.4 《凯旋》中的种族与权力 ·····················································86 
4.4.1 种族化的狗——种族权力距离的象征 ·····················88 
4.4.2 跨越边缘的他者——生成狗 ···································90 
4.4.3 “境”由心生——天堂狗 ·········································93 
第五章 性别与权力  98 
5.1 父权制与权力的性别维度 ····················································98 
5.2 欧茨《白猫》中的凝视和权力·············································99 
5.2.1 凝视暴力下的女性与猫：艾丽莎和米兰达的天然共同体 ···················101
5.2.2 命名、性别界定与主宰：凝视机制中的规训和惩罚 ···························101 
5.2.3 动物凝视与生成动物/女性：凝视机制中的反抗和颠覆 ························104 
5.3 《吾友朱迪斯》中的身份、权力与双面人生 ·······················107 
第六章 人类世与地球权力  115 
6.1 人类世时代新的权力话语体系的建构 ································115 
6.2 气候暴力：人类世权力建构之基础 ···································117 
6.2.1 气候暴力：地球权力建构的着力点 ·······················118 
6.2.2 气候暴力距离：人类世权力三维阐释框架 ············121 
6.2.3 人类世权力的终极建构 ·········································123 
6.3 《白鲸》中的人类世暴力 ···················································126 
6.3.1 “无所不在的暴力”：人类世的本质 ······················127 
6.3.2 《白鲸》中的物种关系以及人类世暴力 ·················128 
6.4 星球形象、时空命运共同体的建构与权力再塑 ·················134 
6.4.1 “去增长”：阿纳瑞斯的全景图 ·····························135 
6.4.2 共享社区：激进的人类福祉方案 ··························136 
6.4.3 和谐共生：趋向美好生活的可能性 ·······················138 
第七章 结语  141 
参考文献 145
推荐文献 157
索引  159