计算机网络设备实践教程

目  录

第1章  计算机网络基础··············································································· 1

1.1  常见的网络设备······································································································ 1

1.1.1  网卡……………………………………………………………………………………………. 1

1.1.2  交换机…………………………………………………………………………………………. 3

1.1.3  路由器…………………………………………………………………………………………. 9

1.2  常见的地址·········································································································· 12

1.2.1  IP地址………………………………………………………………………………………. 12

1.2.2  网卡地址……………………………………………………………………………………. 15

1.3  常用网络命令······································································································· 17

1.3.1  ipcofig命令…………………………………………………………………………………. 17

1.3.2  getmac命令…………………………………………………………………………………. 18

1.3.3  ping命令……………………………………………………………………………………. 19

1.3.4  tracert命令………………………………………………………………………………….. 21

1.3.5  pathping命令………………………………………………………………………………. 22

1.3.6  arp命令……………………………………………………………………………………… 22

1.3.7  netstat命令………………………………………………………………………………….. 24

1.3.8  ftp命令………………………………………………………………………………………. 25

1.3.9  批处理命令…………………………………………………………………………………. 30

1.4  常见网络服务······································································································· 32

1.4.1  Web服务器部署…………………………………………………………………………… 32

1.4.2  FTP服务器部署…………………………………………………………………………… 34

第2章 
网络设备管理基础········································································· 37

2.1  通过Console端口接入设备···················································································· 37

2.2  命令行配置基础···································································································· 39

2.2.1  问号指令……………………………………………………………………………………. 39

2.2.2  指令的缩写与自动补全…………………………………………………………………. 40

2.2.3  常见命令行模式及切换…………………………………………………………………. 42

2.2.4  enable密码设置……………………………………………………………………………. 44

2.3  Telnet/SSH远程登录管理设备················································································ 46

2.3.1  通过Telnet登录设备…………………………………………………………………….. 46

2.3.2  通过SSH登录设备………………………………………………………………………. 48

2.4  Web方式登录设备································································································ 51

2.5  升级网络设备操作系统·························································································· 54

2.5.1  使用TFTP进行交换机操作系统升级……………………………………………….. 54

2.5.2  使用FTP进行路由器操作系统升级…………………………………………………. 59

第3章 
VLAN的配置与应用······································································ 63

………..

第12章 
网络地址转换············································································ 268

12.1  静态地址转换···································································································· 268

12.2  动态地址转换···································································································· 272

12.3  端口地址转换···································································································· 273

12.4  外部源地址转换································································································ 274

12.5  NAT实现负载均衡···························································································· 275

参考文献······························································································· 278

前  言

计算机网络技术的发展改变了人们的交流、消费等生活方式，提高了工作、学习的效率。交换机、路由器等计算机网络设备是支撑网络技术应用的基石，承载着在网络中寻找路径、转发数据包这样的重要任务。本书的主要内容就是介绍如何配置、调试、优化这些网络设备，从而保证它们能够高效、安全、稳定地运行。

本书针对常用的网络管理技术，内容编排循序渐进，结合大量的实验案例介绍理论知识，融合了协议分析方法，使读者能够更加深入地理解与掌握相关原理与技术。书中实验全部在锐捷网络设备上经过了验证，能够重现实验结果。国内很多高校建设了基于锐捷公司网络设备的网络工程实验室，学生可以在真实的物理设备上验证。由于锐捷与思科的指令格式相近，也可以通过Cisco Packet Tracer、GNS3等模拟软件开展实验。书中实验采用的路由器型号为RSR20-24，系统版本为RGOS_10.3(5b6)P2,Release(150859)，二层交换机型号为RG-S2628G-E(P)，系统版本为RGOS 10.4(3b19)p3,Release(180891)，三层交换机型号为RG-S3760E，系统版本为RGOS
10.4(3b19)p3,Release(178747)。书中第2章介绍了升级系统的方法，所需的系统软件可以在锐捷官网（http://www.ruijie.com.cn）下载。

本书可以作为本科、高职类院校网络工程类课程的教材，也可以为从事网络管理与维护工作的技术人员提供参考。全书共分12章，每章的内容都配有实验，在阅读时推荐读者按照步骤完成实验，这样不仅能够提高操作能力还能够加深理解。初学者应按照章节顺序阅读本书，对于具有一定基础的读者可以有针对性的阅读特定章节。

本书在编写过程中得到了同行业专家的大力支持，他们提出了非常宝贵的建议，在此一并表示感谢！

由于编者水平有限，加之编写时间仓促，书中难免存在不当之处，敬请广大读者批评指正。